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How to Recover After a Professional Slip-Up

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How to Recover After a Professional Slip-Up

It’s not a matter of if, but when you’ll make a mistake at work. One of the best known examples of a very public mistake at work is HBO’s “Integration Test Email #1,” which was affectionately nicknamed  the “dear intern” incident of 2021. People from all industries responded with their own anecdotes of work blunders with varying degrees of impact, and (spoiler alert) most were not catastrophic or career ending. 

Whether you’re an intern, a newbie developer, or a senior engineer, mistakes can actually be pivotal learning moments — it’s all about how you react to them, according to Jean du Plessis, Senior Engineering Manager at cloud platform Upbound (you may remember him from this blog about how to make yourself a promotable software engineer). 

Jean still vividly recalls a mistake he made early in his career as a junior developer. “It was my first project in the first few weeks of the job, and I was excited to be building something already!” Jean says. After building a customer enquiry form for a tourism website, he inadvertently deleted all the records of the enquiry submissions — not realizing that he was the only person receiving them. He recovered, and has now been on both sides of minor and major incidents, as a manager and as an individual contributor.

Learn something new for free

It sounds counterintuitive, but having past mistakes to point to can make you a stronger candidate when you’re applying for jobs. “I actually ask candidates to give an example of a mistake they’ve made when I’m interviewing,” Jean says. “I’m looking for signal that they took responsibility and learned from the experience.” It’s easier for hiring managers to judge whether you’re a good fit for their role if you can speak to challenging experiences and show how you overcome them. Here are Jean’s tips for what to do in the aftermath of a work blooper, and how these mistakes can make you a better developer.

1. Own your mistake

Whatever the scale and impact of your mistake, the first and most important thing you can do is own it. Take responsibility. Trying to hide your mistake or deflect blame onto someone or something else is usually transparent and won’t help you to win back your manager or team’s trust. 

“The act of taking responsibility shows that you are learning from the experience,” says Jean. “It speaks volumes about a person’s character when they admit to messing up.”

For example, you might set aside time to talk to your team leader in a one-on-one setting. First, address your error, and reiterate that you understand the consequences of your misstep. You can try saying something like: “I want to acknowledge that this was my mistake, and I accept full responsibility for it.”

2. Take steps to mitigate

If there’s a way to fix or undo your mistake, do it immediately. If you’re not sure the best way to address the problem, work with your team leader or a trusted colleague to come up with an action plan. This is why it’s so important to own up to the slip-up; you can’t collaborate on fixing it if you’re trying to cover it up. Working to correct your error is the quickest way to get over your embarrassment or shame about it. 

It can take time to develop the right tools to address and solve a problem. Want to learn some problem-solving tactics from an expert? Register for our exclusive soft skills training session on November 1 at 1 pm ET to learn how to creatively solve problems and make an impact presenting your ideas. (Quick note: These events are only open to people with a Codecademy Plus or Pro membership.)

3. Propose ways to prevent it from happening again

“Mistakes expose gaps in your process,” Jean says. In his case, the senior engineer he was paired with should have checked that the enquiries were going to the client. “That early mistake led to the creation of a post-deployment checklist for engineers to verify after something goes live,” he says. 

You can turn your mistake into a positive, valuable experience if you use it as an opportunity to identify single points of failure and manual processes that can be automated to avoid human error. “We had an incident at a previous company when an engineer spun up a Kubernetes cluster for testing, and forgot to tear it down afterwards,” Jean says. “Come the end of the month, we discovered an unexplained jump in cloud costs. This prompted us to put mechanisms in place to monitor and control our cloud expenditure.” 

One way to come up with preventative measures is to conduct a blameless postmortem, in which everyone involved in mitigating the mistake shares the actions and expectations that led up to the incident without placing blame on an individual. This format of postmortem is designed to shift the focus to the process and how it can be improved in the future, rather than penalizing people who made mistakes. 

If your company doesn’t have a practice of blameless postmortems, you can suggest adding it to your remediation process. Even if you’re not reading this in the immediate aftermath of an incident, now is a great time to propose implementing them so the structure is already in place for the next incident. 

Learn problem-solving skills in our new course

Remember: The only developers with no mistakes under their belts are those with no experience. If everything goes smoothly at work 100% of the time, you’ll never learn how to respond to a crisis or test the limits of your knowledge.

Realizing that you made a mistake is always going to feel deflating in the moment, but the best way to mitigate that feeling (and any potential damage) is to be prepared. Join us for our problem-solving soft skills training on November 1 to take the first step.

Open for a primer on AI, ChatGPT and more

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Open for a primer on AI, ChatGPT and more

It’s an exciting time at Coursera: We are proud to be launching DeepLearning.AI’s AI For Good Specialization, which contextualizes how artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to address real-world problems, like public health crises and climate change. This launch perfectly aligns with our topic today—the last of our high-income skills series—AI skills.

Regardless of your career path, you’re increasingly likely to encounter some form of AI at work. According to a study by Lightcast, the number of job listings seeking AI skills is high and climbing across almost every field.

AI is often used to drive automation and perform tasks requiring minimal human input, like information sorting. For more complex tasks, we can teach computers to imitate human learning processes using algorithms and statistical models. This practice is called machine learning.

But here’s the best news: You don’t need to know all the ins and outs of algorithms in order to benefit from AI and contribute to the conversations around it. Sometimes, understanding AI frameworks is enough. (See: AI For Good.)

Not all AI skills require technical programming knowledge.

User-friendly tools, such as ChatGPT and DALL-E 2, make it easier for anyone to incorporate AI into their regular workflow. Whether or not you’re in a technical field, here are some AI skills you may want to use at work:

  • AI ethics refers to safeguarding against the negative consequences of AI technology. This skill lives at the intersection of technology and sociocultural systems, for example thinking about how unconscious bias may show up in emerging AI technologies.
  • AI strategy has to do with incorporating AI tools into your workflow. Using AI strategically requires you to understand both its opportunities and its limitations as you use new technologies to further your business goals.
  • Prompt engineering is the ability to communicate with AI tools in order to return your desired outputs. You don’t always need to know a programming language for prompt engineering; for example, you can use natural language to prompt ChatGPT.

Where to begin

To explore real-world applications of AI, start with DeepLearning.AI’s newest Specialization, AI For Good. Here, you’ll use AI frameworks as you learn how AI is used to address world problems.

For a technical crash course, look into DeepLearning.AI’s AI For Everyone. This 10-hour course was designed with non-technical professionals in mind, so it’s an approachable way to learn about different fields or branches of AI, like machine learning and deep learning, and how they may intersect with the workplace and society. Plus it’s taught by Andrew Ng, one of the world’s leading AI experts and a co-founder of Coursera.

To grow your ChatGPT skills, check out Vanderbilt University’s Prompt Engineering for ChatGPT course. In this course, you’ll learn how to write effective queries for ChatGPT to increase your productivity in your daily life, at work, or anywhere. Or, if you want to better understand what ChatGPT is, try Google Cloud’s one-hour course, Introduction to Generative AI.

If you already have some AI skills, dig deeper with IBM’s Machine Learning Professional Certificate or DeepLearning.AI’s Natural Language Processing Specialization. Both are intermediate-level courses, so you’ll want to start with some machine learning and Python knowledge.

With that, our high-income skills series comes to a close. We’re going to take next week off, so we’ll see you in two weeks with another special issue. See you then!

Surviving Workplace Horror: Nightmare Scenarios and Strategies for Success

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Surviving Workplace Horror: Nightmare Scenarios and Strategies for Success

For many of us, the workplace is a necessary and integral part of life. It’s where we spend a significant portion of our waking hours, striving to achieve our professional goals and maintain our livelihood. However, not all workplaces are havens of harmony and elicit thoughts of joy from employees. Sometimes, they are settings for horror stories – from domineering bosses, being informed you’re fired, not getting your due raise or credit, and unbearable colleagues to nightmarish projects and ethical dilemmas. In this article, we will delve into some workplace horror scenarios and discuss strategies to prepare for and overcome them.

Nightmare Workplace Stories

We’ve all heard horror stories about the job during our careers, and these stories can serve as a warning and lessons in perseverance. Here are a few scenarios and tips on how to navigate them.

Horrible Bosses

One of the most common workplace horror scenarios is the horrible boss. We’ve all heard tales of managers who rule through fear and intimidation, making their employees’ lives miserable. These bosses demean and belittle their subordinates, take credit for their work, and create a hostile environment. To navigate this challenging situation, it’s crucial to first establish clear boundaries and maintain your own sense of professionalism. Seek support from colleagues who may be facing similar issues, as there’s strength in numbers. Document instances of inappropriate behaviour and maintain a record of your interactions with your boss. Consider discussing your concerns with HR or upper management, using this documentation as evidence. You may want to consider other job opportunities or consult with a career advisor to weigh your options. Remember that you deserve a work environment that respects your dignity and contributions, and by taking proactive measures, you can work towards creating a healthier professional atmosphere for yourself and your peers.

Ethical Dilemmas

Ethical dilemmas can haunt the workplace, leaving employees feeling morally conflicted. Facing these situations is a deeply unsettling experience, challenging one’s values, integrity, and sense of professional responsibility. Ethical dilemmas can arise in various forms, from witnessing misconduct to being pressured into compromising your principles. In such situations, it’s vital to prioritise ethical considerations. Start by seeking guidance from your organisation’s code of conduct, ethics committee, or a trusted mentor. Engaging in open and honest discussions with colleagues or supervisors can help shed light on potential solutions. If you feel your concerns are not adequately addressed internally, consider consulting an external counsel. Remember, your commitment to ethical principles is a cornerstone of your professional identity, and navigating ethical dilemmas with transparency and integrity is a testament to your character and dedication to doing what is right.

Being Told You’re Fired

Getting the dreaded news of being fired from your job can be a truly harrowing experience. It’s often accompanied by a wave of emotions, including shock, fear, and uncertainty about the future. The workplace horror of being told you’re fired can be emotionally challenging, but it’s important to remember that it’s not the end of your journey. In fact, it can be an opportunity for personal and professional growth. Handling such a situation requires resilience and a proactive mindset. First, take a moment to process your emotions and seek support from friends and family. Then, focus on building a plan for the future, whether that involves searching for a new job, exploring new career paths, or considering further education. Remember that setbacks can lead to comebacks, and with the right attitude and strategy, you can navigate this difficult moment and come out stronger on the other side.

Workplace Bullying

Experiencing workplace bullying at the hands of your boss can be an emotionally draining and psychologically distressing ordeal. It can manifest in various forms, such as verbal abuse, undue criticism, or even sabotage of your work. This workplace horror not only affects your self-esteem and overall well-being but also hampers your professional growth. When faced with such a situation, it’s essential to take steps to protect yourself. Start by documenting instances of bullying, including dates, times, and details. Then, consider discussing the issue with a trusted HR representative or manager, if you feel safe doing so. Seek support from colleagues and friends, as their insights and backing can be invaluable. If the problem persists and escalates, you may want to explore legal options or consult with an employment attorney. Remember, you have the right to work in a safe and respectful environment, and addressing workplace bullying is not only about safeguarding your own well-being but also promoting a healthier workplace for all.

Unrealistic Workloads and Deadlines

The workplace horror of being burdened with unrealistic workloads and unmanageable deadlines can feel like an insurmountable challenge. It not only leads to chronic stress but also adversely affects your overall job satisfaction and performance. Dealing with this overwhelming situation requires a strategic approach. Firstly, communicate with your supervisor about the unrealistic expectations, emphasising the need for a balanced workload. Collaborate with them to set more realistic, achievable goals and deadlines. Prioritise tasks based on urgency and importance, and don’t hesitate to delegate when possible. Additionally, consider discussing your concerns with HR to ensure your well-being is prioritised. Building time management skills and learning to say “no” to additional tasks, when necessary, can also help you regain control over your work life. Remember that maintaining a healthy work-life balance is crucial for your long-term success and mental well-being.

Harassment and Discrimination

Harassment and discrimination based on race, gender, age, or any other characteristic are intolerable in the workplace. These instances cast a long, dark shadow over one’s professional life. Experiencing discrimination or harassment based on factors like gender, race, or any other protected characteristic can be deeply distressing and detrimental. However, it is essential to remember that you have rights and avenues to address these issues. Start by documenting instances of harassment or discrimination, including dates, times, and the people involved. Then consider discussing the matter with a trusted colleague, HR representative, or supervisor. Many organisations have policies and procedures in place to investigate and address such complaints. Seek support from friends, family, or a counselor to help you navigate the emotional toll it can take. If the problem persists or remains unaddressed, you may want to consult with an attorney specialising in workplace discrimination or harassment to explore legal options. Nobody should endure such treatment, and by taking a stand, you not only protect your own well-being but also contribute to a safer and more inclusive work environment for all.

Toxic Workplace Environment

A toxic environment not only erodes your well-being but also hinders your productivity and professional growth. When faced with this daunting situation, it’s crucial to take steps to protect yourself. Start by setting clear boundaries and maintaining a healthy work-life balance to preserve your mental and emotional health. Seek support from colleagues who may be facing similar challenges and are willing to work together to foster a more positive atmosphere. Engaging with HR or management is another option to address the issue formally. Additionally, exploring new job opportunities might become necessary if the toxic environment remains unchanged, as your well-being and career growth should remain a top priority. Remember that you deserve a workplace that promotes respect, collaboration, and growth, and by taking proactive measures, you can work towards creating a healthier professional environment for yourself and your colleagues.

Unresolved Conflict

Unresolved conflict can create a hostile and tense work environment, affecting not only your well-being but also your job performance. Unaddressed disputes can lead to a toxic work atmosphere, hinder productivity, and even damage professional relationships. To effectively handle this distressing situation, it’s crucial to initiate communication and seek resolution. Start by addressing the issue with the party involved or, if necessary, with a mediator or HR representative. Actively listen to the other party’s perspective and work towards a compromise or resolution that considers both sides. Document the steps taken and the agreements made to ensure clarity and accountability. Open and honest communication, coupled with a willingness to collaborate in finding a solution, can go a long way in resolving workplace conflicts, restoring harmony, and allowing everyone to move forward productively.

Workplace horror stories are unfortunately more common than we’d like to believe and can affect your mental health and take a toll on your physical well-being. However, with the right strategies, you can prepare for and overcome these scenarios. By staying true to your values, seeking support, setting boundaries, and advocating for change, you can transform workplace horror stories into valuable learning experiences and, ultimately, find success.

Scary Movies

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Scary Movies

What was your first, true afraid-to-do-anything-alone-afterward scary movie?

What do you remember about the experience: How old were you? Who did you watch it with? Did you have parental permission or were you sneaking a peek behind their backs? And just how terrified, unnerved or freaked out were you?

How has your experience stayed with you? Did it inspire a lifelong love of horror movies or did it leave you checking under your bed at night?

Tell us in the comments, then read the related article — where Times readers share their first scary movie memories.


Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public and may appear in print.

Find more Picture Prompts here.

Word of the Day: plaintive

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Word of the Day: plaintive

The word plaintive has appeared in 51 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on July 29 in “Sinead O’Connor, Prince and the Thrill of ‘Nothing Compares 2 U’” by Christopher Kuo:

Sinead O’Connor and Prince, passionate singer-songwriters who both died in their mid-50s, were tied together by the plaintive song “Nothing Compares 2 U,” which catapulted O’Connor to fame when she recorded it for her sophomore album.

… O’Connor wrote in her memoir, “Rememberings,” that she felt a particular resonance with the lines, “All the flowers that you planted Mama/In the backyard/All died when you went away.

Can you correctly use the word plaintive in a sentence?

Based on the definition and example provided, write a sentence using today’s Word of the Day and share it as a comment on this article. It is most important that your sentence makes sense and demonstrates that you understand the word’s definition, but we also encourage you to be creative and have fun.

Then, read some of the other sentences students have submitted and use the “Recommend” button to vote for two original sentences that stand out to you.

If you want a better idea of how plaintive can be used in a sentence, read these usage examples on Vocabulary.com.


Students ages 13 and older in the United States and the United Kingdom, and 16 and older elsewhere, can comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff.

The Word of the Day is provided by Vocabulary.com. Learn more and see usage examples across a range of subjects in the Vocabulary.com Dictionary. See every Word of the Day in this column.

Teenagers as Critics: A Step-by-Step Guide for Writing a Review

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Teenagers as Critics: A Step-by-Step Guide for Writing a Review

So you want to write a review. Whether you are planning on entering our Student Review Contest, writing an assignment for class, or submitting a piece to a school, local or online publication, this guide can help.

We’ll walk you through the review-writing process, from brainstorming a topic to experiencing a work as a critic, to finally putting your review on paper or online. Along the way, we’ll give you tons of free links to New York Times and student-written criticism, as well as advice from the experts on how to write a piece that is honest, engaging and fair.

Students can use this guide on their own or teachers can adapt it for their classrooms. For more, watch our on-demand webinar “How to Teach Review Writing With The New York Times.”

Is there a work of art or culture you’ve experienced this year — a movie you’ve watched, a book you’ve read, an album you’ve listened to, a video game you’ve played, a new art exhibition you’ve visited — that you think is so meaningful or memorable that you would urge everyone to experience it? Is there something you’ve experienced that was so bad you would warn others to avoid it?

Tell us about it by responding to one or both of these writing prompts:

Try to think, specifically, about what you loved — or loathed — about this work. What could you say to convince others that the experience is worth having or avoiding? What details would you focus on? How does this work compare with others like it? What ideas and questions does it raise?

Post your response in the comments section of the corresponding prompt. Then read what other students have posted, and reply to, or “recommend,” some of the most interesting comments. What can you learn from what other teenagers wrote?

If you completed Step 1, congratulations! You just wrote the start of a review.

Now ask yourself: Why might this genre of writing be important? How do you use reviews in your everyday life? Do you turn to them when deciding on a movie to see, a book to check out at the library or a restaurant to go to?

And how do you know whom to trust? Is everyone qualified to be a critic? Or is there a difference between user-submitted reviews you read online and cultural criticism by a professional critic?

Don’t worry if you’re not sure. In our prompt Do You Read Reviews? we’ve rounded up several pieces from The Times that ask questions about the role of reviewers and cultural criticism in our world today. Read what these writers have to say and then weigh in on the comments with your own thoughts.

You’ve reflected on why and how people use reviews. Now let’s take a look at some.

Read at least two reviews of your choice. You can pick from our selections below, which include reviews from The Times and past winners of our Student Review Contest. You can also search for a specific review of a work or topic you’re interested in via the Times search tool, or take a look at all of our contest winners from 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015. You can go beyond The Times to read reviews in a local or school paper, or on your favorite website or app.

As you read your chosen review or reviews, answer the questions below, reproduced on this student handout (PDF), before discussing with your classmates any patterns or differences you found across the reviews you read:

  • What is being reviewed?

  • What factual or explanatory information does the reviewer provide to inform the reader about the subject? How does the reviewer avoid spoilers that are relevant to the piece?

  • What is the reviewer’s opinion of the subject? How do you know?

  • What supporting evidence or details does the reviewer provide to support that opinion?

  • What do you notice about how the reviewer structured the review and organized the ideas in it?

  • Do you think the review is informative? Is it entertaining to read? Does it make you want (or not want) to experience the subject? Explain.

  • Underline or highlight a few lines from the review to share with your group that illustrate the critic’s approach to the subject.

Art, dance, fashion and theater reviews

Derrick Adams Takes Off, by Roberta Smith
Gunpowder: A Symbol of Violence or a Beautiful Ritual for Humankind?, by Yiyun Hu (Student Review)
This Dance About Refugees Has Flow and a Groove, by Brian Seibert
A Boogie That Stomps but Doesn’t Soar, by Brian Seibert
Multiverse Chic, by Vanessa Friedman
Balenciaga’s 2023 Spring/Summer Line: Dull as Mud?, by Kaixin Cassie Zheng (Student Review)
In ‘Bite Me,’ Taking Aim at Familiar Teenage Tropes, by Naveen Kumar
‘Futurity’: Innovative Exploration of the Civil War, by Toby Berggruen (Student Review)

Technology, video game and car reviews

Steam Deck Review: A Game Console for the Quintessential Gamer, by Brian X. Chen
The Functional Art at Your Fingertips, by Simon Levien (Student Review)
Grand Theft Auto V Is a Return to the Comedy of Violence, by Chris Suellentrop
Breath of the Wild: A Gamer’s Cookie Jar, by Gabriel Kantor (Student Review)
Porsche Mission E Cross Turismo Review: ‘Silence Is the New Power’, by Tom Voelk

Music, book and podcast reviews

Taylor Swift, Pop’s Maestro of Memory, Returns to the Stage, by Jon Caramanica
Bad Bunny Looks Back and Hunkers Down, by Jon Pareles
An Exercise in Genius Stupidity, by David Chmielewski (Student Review)
Angie Thomas’s Middle Grade Debut Celebrates Black Girl Magic, by Veronica Chambers
‘Devotions’: Poems From a ‘Wild and Precious Life,’ by Davin Faris (Student Review)
Audiobook of the Week: A Rich Family Saga Set in 1950s Maine, by Zakiya Dalila Harris
Best Podcasts of 2022, by Reggie Ugwu

Movie, TV and comedy reviews

‘Barbie’ Review: Out of the Box and On the Road, by Manohla Dargis
‘Black Panther: Wakanda Forever’ Review: Women on the Home Front, by A.O. Scott
Tonight, Tonight, ‘West Side Story’ Is Full of Light, by Edward Simon Cruz (Student Review)
‘American Born Chinese’ Review: We’re All Walt’s Children, by Mike Hale
Review: ‘The Last of Us’ Is a Zombie Thriller About Single Parenting, by James Poniewozik
‘Big Mouth’: A Well-Done Teen Romp with an Unexpected Side of Good Advice, by Maya Mukherjee (Student Review)
Bo Burnham’s ‘Inside’: A Comedy Special and an Inspired Experiment, by Jason Zinoman
Sticks and Stones: All Edge With No Point, by Clare Zhang (Student Review)

Restaurant, architecture and hotel reviews

As Not Seen on TV | Guy’s American Kitchen & Bar in Times Square, by Pete Wells
At La Piraña Lechonera, a Machete, a Shower of Pork and Other Magic, by Pete Wells
China Canteen: A Humble Shrine to the Sichuan Kitchen, by Emily Tian (Student Review)
Coney Island’s Newest Wonder: Sharkitecture!, by Michael Kimmelman
Little Island With a Not-So-Little Ego, by Colin Kim (Student Review)
432 Park Avenue — A Splinter in the Sky, by Gabriel Gonzalez (Student Review)
Hotel Review: Kartrite Resort & Indoor Waterpark, Monticello, N.Y., by Elisabeth Goodridge

Finding the right subject to review is essential. You should pick something that you feel strongly about, and that you will be able to experience in person.

Here is how Times editors and critics decide what to review, according to A.O. Scott, a critic at large for the Book Review:

As a practical matter, we begin the critical process with choices of our own, since we can’t cover everything. Some selections are obvious. There’s no way to ignore the latest big Hollywood movies, Broadway shows, premium cable dramas, blockbuster museum retrospectives or whatever Jay-Z and Beyoncé are up to. But we don’t want the shape or scope of our critical coverage to be determined by hype and publicity. At the assigning stage — as editors and chief critics decide what to review — we make room for discovery and surprise. We pay significant attention to small triumphs as well as grand ambitions, to interesting failures as well as astonishing successes.

Also consider how Parul Sehgal, a former book critic for The Times, chose the books she reviewed:

I make a decision about what to review based on a number of factors: Is the book newsworthy? Is it a book that I think our readers should know about? Is it a novel that’s doing something new, or a nonfiction book that has an interesting argument? Is the author important? Then, of course, there are my own tastes — what’s exciting and enticing to me.

Or how Pete Wells, The Times’s restaurant critic, finds his subjects, beyond those with buzz:

I’ll look for something a little unusual, like a neighborhood that isn’t really on the foodie radar, or a cuisine that hasn’t reached market saturation yet, or an idea that just sounds novel.

I also look for restaurants that might serve as a diving board from which I can launch into discussion of some idea that seems interesting or important.

Now that you know how critics choose their subjects, brainstorm ideas for your review by discussing or writing about the following questions, either on your own or with a class. Then choose one that you think would make for a compelling review.

  • For the purposes of our Student Review Contest, students can choose from any area of creative expression that The Times reviews. Look at the list of subjects below. What are the categories that interest you most?

    — Architecture
    — Art
    — Books (fiction, nonfiction, poetry, children’s books and audiobooks)
    — Cars
    — Comedy
    — Dance
    — Fashion
    — Hotels
    — Movies
    — Music (albums and events, popular and classical)
    — Podcasts
    — Restaurants
    — Technology
    — Theater
    — TV shows
    — Video games

  • What can you choose for this project — whether a movie, a concert, a show, a restaurant, an art exhibit, a book you’d like to read or a game you’d like to play — that you will enjoy and that you know you can experience in person? Write down as many subjects as you can think of. Remember, if you are submitting to our contest, you must choose something that debuted this year.

  • Which of these subject areas do you have a strong opinion about, whether positive or negative?

  • What is an idea, argument or trend that you find interesting or important?

  • What do you think you have a fresh perspective on that you haven’t heard in the public discourse yet?

  • What do you think other students would most enjoy reading about?

Once you’ve decided what to review, you need to experience it as a critic. Jon Pareles, The Times’s chief popular music critic, explains:

Reviews are where an experience meets ideas. You go to a concert, a movie, an art exhibition, a restaurant, and it makes you think. Maybe the experience is a catalyst for a brand-new idea; maybe it crystallizes something you’ve been thinking about for a while. It becomes something worth writing about.

The job of the reviewer is to get both the experience and the ideas into words — and into proportion. In some ways, a review is the same as reporting: The facts have to be correct and presented in a coherent way. And in some ways, a review is very different from reporting: Your subjective experience and your reactions — intellectual, emotional, visceral — are a big part of it.

It’s a complex task. How do you form your opinion of a work and also communicate it to others? How do you know what details to include and what to leave out? How can you make sure you’re doing justice to the work and its intended audience?

To start, watch the video above, which features four current and former New York Times critics who cover a variety of subjects. Write down at least three pieces of advice from these critics that you think will be helpful for you as you begin the reviewing process. How do critics approach the works they are reviewing? What are the most important things you need to pay attention to when you experience the work you have chosen to review?

Then you’ll be ready to experience the work you’ve chosen. As you do, remember to take notes, concentrating on the details you notice. You are likely to remember your overall impressions and opinions of the work when you’re ready to write, but the details that bolster them can get lost. Write as much down as you can without note-taking getting in the way of the experience itself.

If you want additional resources …

In the pieces below, Times critics across disciplines share their best tips for thoughtfully and fairly analyzing a piece of art or culture. Students can select one or more of these pieces to read or watch. If teachers are using these resources as part of a classroom exercise, they might create a jigsaw activity, where students choose one video to watch or article to read and then come together in small groups to share what they have learned and compile a class-wide list of helpful tips.

There is no specific formula for writing a review — and that’s what makes a good review so interesting to read. Mr. Pareles explains:

The best criticism merges the details of the individual experience — the close-up — with a much broader picture of what the experience means. It’s not just about that concert or art exhibit. It’s about how to listen or how to look. It’s about changing the perception your readers will bring to the next experience because your ideas awakened theirs.

Yes, that’s a tall order. You need to select your details. You need to make sure your ideas are clearly expressed. You need the writing itself to be engaging, to be worth that reader’s attention. It can be serious, a little poetic, even funny — whatever communicates the ideas.

Now that you’ve experienced your work and taken good notes on it, it’s time to write the rough draft of your piece. Be sure you have the basics: What is the work about? What is your opinion of it? What details from the work and your experience of it support your opinion? But also draw on what you learned from the reviewers in Step 5 about conveying your excitement, writing with an appropriate tone and using colorful descriptions.

Next, edit and revise your piece. We recommend handing your draft to a teacher, classmate, friend or family member to get reactions. Did you describe too little or give away too much? Did you assert an opinion clearly and provide details to support it? Did you write something that was entertaining to read? As you revise, you can use our Student Review Contest Rubric to help.

If you want additional resources …

We have many resources to help students hone their review-writing skills that feature both Times reviews and student-written reviews as examples to emulate. If you want to take your review to the next level, explore any of the following:

What writing techniques can you learn from these writers and incorporate into your review?

We believe a review should have an audience beyond a teacher. So once you have a polished draft you are happy with, enter it into our Student Review Contest, which runs from Nov. 1 to Dec. 6, 2023. Be sure to read all the rules and guidelines before submitting your entry. Note that whatever you choose to review must have debuted this calendar year.

You can also submit your review to other places that publish teenage writing: school newspapers, student blogs or any of these dozens of places that accept work from young people. You might even consider starting your own school or community site for reviews by and for people your age.

And if you’re still not convinced you should put your writing out into the world, watch the video above with two of our past contest winners — they offer advice for entering our contest, and might just persuade you that you have a point of view worth sharing.

What 2023 Work of Art or Culture Would You Warn Others to Avoid?

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What 2023 Work of Art or Culture Would You Warn Others to Avoid?

Is there something you have read, watched, listened to, eaten, visited, played or otherwise experienced this year that you think is so bad that you want to discourage others from experiencing it? If so, what and why?

To give you some examples, here are excerpts from three unfavorable reviews published in The New York Times about works that debuted in 2023.

According to Wesley Morris, this year’s remake of “The Little Mermaid” was, well, bad:

The new, live-action “The Little Mermaid” is everything nobody should want in a movie: dutiful and defensive, yet desperate for approval. It reeks of obligation and noble intentions. Joy, fun, mystery, risk, flavor, kink — they’re missing. The movie is saying, “We tried!” Tried not to offend, appall, challenge, imagine. A crab croons, a gull raps, a sea witch swells to Stay Puft proportions: This is not supposed to be a serious event. But it feels made in anticipation of being taken too seriously. Now, you can’t even laugh at it.

Jon Caramanica said Sphere, a new venue that opened in September in Las Vegas, provided a “strangely vulnerable and inelegant setup” for a U2 concert, the inaugural show in the space:

Impressively detailed and lightly shocking, Sphere registers in intensity if not scale — at 366 feet, it is not even one of the 40 tallest buildings in Las Vegas. But on some level, its power is grounded simply in the novelty of the shape, even in a town that already has a pyramid and a palace and a castle. (Dolan has already indicated plans to build similar structures in other cities.)

But inside it is, simply, a concert venue, albeit one with distinct advantages and challenges. In dry stretches, when the space between the band and the huge screen and the crowd was palpable, the result paralleled the airy emptiness of a corporate convention gig. In a stadium show, you can almost obscure a low-enthusiasm performance — here there was nowhere to hide.

And Mike Isaac wrote in July that he was still unsure of Threads, the social media network from Meta that made its debut this summer:

After playing with it for a few days, I’m starting to wonder if I can kick my Twitter addiction by replacing it with a “friendlier” social network crafted by Mark Zuckerberg, Meta’s chief.

So far, I’m enjoying it. But it definitely feels like a stripped-down version of Twitter. No hashtags, heavy on the influencers — and the worst part is, a lot of the people in my replies don’t seem to get my jokes that usually do well on Twitter.

Students, read one of the reviews above, and then tell us:

  • What work that debuted in 2023 would you write a negative review about to warn others against experiencing, whether because it was poorly done, shallow, dull, overrated or just plain terrible? You can choose a book, a movie, music, a TV show, a live performance, fashion, architecture, dance, a work of visual art, a video game, a podcast, a restaurant or even a piece of technology.

  • What was so bad about the experience? What details did you find most disappointing? Why?

  • Why, in your opinion, is this work worth talking about? What ideas or questions does it raise about the world or the time we are living in? What lessons can we take away from its terribleness?

  • What could you say to convince others that the experience should be avoided?

Write a short negative review (what critics call “a pan”), taking all these questions into consideration, and then post it in the comments. When you are finished, read what other students have posted and reply to, or “recommend,” some of the most interesting.

What 2023 Work of Art or Culture Would You Recommend to Anyone?

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What 2023 Work of Art or Culture Would You Recommend to Anyone?

Taylor Swift, Beyoncé, Barbenheimer. This has been a blockbuster year for art and culture. Have you been impressed by what has come out so far?

What have you seen, read, watched, listened to, visited or otherwise experienced in 2023 that you found so meaningful, memorable or simply extraordinary that you would urge everyone to experience it? Why?

To give you some examples, here are excerpts from three critical raves published in the pages of The New York Times on three works that debuted in 2023. Do these reviews make you want to experience the work if you haven’t already?

Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour earned a Critic’s Pick from Jon Caramanica, The Times’s chief pop music critic. He writes of the opening performance in Glendale, Ariz., in March:

Around halfway through Swift’s three-hour performance at State Farm Stadium here on Friday — the opening night of the Eras Tour, her first roadshow in five years — she was at the center of the long runway stage, elevated on a platform, holding 70,000 people rapt with this tale of righteous fury and anguish. Plenty were singing along with her, but somehow, the accumulated voices sounded like one huge hush, students in awe of the master class.

Oppenheimer,” one half of the movie event of the summer, was also a Critic’s Pick. Manohla Dargis, The Times’s chief movie critic, writes:

“Oppenheimer,” Christopher Nolan’s staggering film about J. Robert Oppenheimer, the man known as “the father of the atomic bomb,” condenses a titanic shift in consciousness into three haunted hours. A drama about genius, hubris and error, both individual and collective, it brilliantly charts the turbulent life of the American theoretical physicist who helped research and develop the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II — cataclysms that helped usher in our human-dominated age.

And in Wirecutter, Arthur Gies writes that the new video game Super Mario Bros. Wonder is “some of the most fun we’ve had playing a game this year”:

Nintendo has built its legacy creating family-friendly games for all ages full of clever gameplay and charming characters, but even in this regard, Super Mario Bros. Wonder sets itself apart. Every level offers a fresh twist on the traditional ways in which Mario and friends run, jump, swim, and more through increasingly weird worlds and challenges. In a banner year for video games, especially for Nintendo, Super Mario Bros. Wonder stands out, and it has the same all-ages appeal that has made Mario a household name for almost 40 years.

Students, read one or more of these pieces, and then tell us:

  • What is an artistic or cultural experience you have had this year that you could rave about? It can be a book, a movie, music, a TV show, a live performance, fashion, architecture, dance, a work of visual art, a video game, a restaurant, a podcast or even a piece of technology. It can be local, national or global, but it has to have debuted in 2023. Think about something that has deeply impressed, moved, delighted or taught you, something you think others would benefit from experiencing too.

  • What details from the work or experience stood out to you most? How do these details make this work different from others like it?

  • Why, in your opinion, does this work or experience matter? What interesting ideas or questions does it raise? In what ways does it reflect or comment on the larger world?

  • What could you say to convince others that the experience is worth having?

Write a short review, taking all these questions into consideration, and then post it in the comments. When you are finished, read what other students have posted and comment on, or “recommend,” some that are most interesting.

How I Went from IT Support Specialist to iOS Developer in 3 Years

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How I Went from IT Support Specialist to iOS Developer in 3 Years

Learning to code so that you can land a job in tech can feel daunting. That’s why we’re sharing inspiring stories from Codecademy’s community — to show how people like you (yes, you!) can embark on a learning journey and end up with a totally new career. We hope these stories serve as a reminder that there’s no single path to a more fulfilling work life.

Today’s story is from Matthew Ogtong, a 29-year-old iOS Developer at Comcast, living in Philadelphia. Read more stories from Codecademy learners here — and be sure to share your story here.

Why I chose to learn to code

“I initially went to college for business, then I transitioned to computer science at NJIT. I actually don’t have a degree; I dropped out around senior year to pursue coding full time. I was able to land a role in IT support while I was still in college, and I worked there for about a year. Fortunately, I was sitting next to the engineering department, and a lot of my coworkers were fresh bootcamp grads. I was like, ‘You guys don’t have degrees in computer science? How’d you get this job? This sounds insane to me!’

A couple of the senior engineers were having this mentorship program for other people in the company who were interested in learning how to code. I was the first one to say, ‘I want to do this.’ I loved it. I learned some web technologies like JavaScript React and even contributed a little bit to their source code. I joined Codecademy in 2019 and I took a few courses.

Learn something new for free

The pandemic hit in 2020, and since I worked in IT, the majority of my time was spent doing work in the office. They had to reduce my hours significantly, so I just started planning my next moves. I was like, I’m going to do coding full time. I gave my notice about three months later, and stopped school, because I didn’t think I would be able to juggle school and a coding bootcamp.”

Curious how our self-guided courses and paths compare to a traditional bootcamp intensive?

Learn more about our flexible plans, interactive courses, and pricing here.

How I made time to learn

“What I learned from my coworkers is that the people who really stick out from the rest are the people who further study outside of structured bootcamps. You shouldn’t treat [learning to code] as a nine to five. I knew this was going to be my future and what I wanted to do, so I was coding after hours, learning new technologies, thinking about the projects that I wanted to build. I also stayed away from a lot of social media platforms like TikTok, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram — I pretty much only have LinkedIn.”

How I saved up money to switch careers

“Like many people during the pandemic, I was living at home with my parents, and I wasn’t paying rent. I just kept saving money from working IT gigs. Since my role was impacted directly from Covid, I was able to receive unemployment benefits. That extra $600 a week definitely helped a lot. If I wasn’t receiving the unemployment benefits, things would have been much more difficult for me.”

How long it took me to land a job

“All the jobs I saw on Indeed and LinkedIn were like: ‘You need Python experience. You need Java experience. You need JavaScript experience.’ I thought, I can’t learn all these things! It took me six months to be hired into a consulting firm, where they teach you mobile development technologies and help you land your first client and contract.”

I was trying to get my feet wet with open-source contribution, and I think Docs is a perfect entry for anyone to try to get into that.

Matthew Ogtong

iOS Developer at Comcast

How I got in the door

“I primarily started using Codecademy at the beginning of this year, mainly contributing to Docs. I was trying to get my feet wet with open-source contribution, and I think Docs is a perfect entry for anyone to try to get into that. Before you even start applying to jobs it’s important to have a strong GitHub profile and a README in place for yourself, at least just to give a little intro for anyone that’s visiting your page.

I had over a year of mobile development experience, so I contributed to Swift and SwiftUI Docs. Contributing to Docs is really easy; the documentation is very intuitive and very comprehensive. The process is streamlined, and all the maintainers are friendly. And now in my job I use GitHub every day and Git for everything.

In April 2023, I joined a new firm, and they [placed me in] the role at Comcast as a ‘contract to hire.’ So if everything goes well, then they’re expected to hire me full time.”

New to open-source software?

Contributing to Docs is an excellent way to start learning how to use Git and GitHub, lend your knowledge to other learners, and build your portfolio. Not only will Docs improve your coding chops, but it can also help you land a job.

How I nailed the interview

“It was definitely the most intensive interview I’ve had — period. The first was a screening with the recruiter, then it was a video call with the with the manager, where he asked me a bunch of technical questions. There was a third interview in-person with a live panel at the Comcast Technology Center, which is a huge building in Philadelphia.

There were three people from the team: the Manager, the iOS Developer Lead, and the Scrum Master. They gave me a list of features and API endpoints, and an hour and a half to basically build an app from the ground up. I had to explain my thought process throughout the whole thing. I didn’t eat anything that whole day, and the interview was at 4 pm. My stomach was growling the whole interview, and I was sweating in my suit.

They gave me an extra hour to wrap up, because I ran into some issues with my code. They asked me if I was free that night and said, ‘We want you to continue working on this code, polish it up, put it on your GitHub, and then send us a link.’ And that’s what I did. What I built for the interview is still on my GitHub to this day.”  

How I evaluated the offer

“Immediately, I was like, I want this job. The main thing for me was the team. This is my first hybrid role — two days in, three days remote — which is perfect for me, because I kind of miss the office. My first impressions of the team, the vibe they gave off, and the culture that they presented as a company were the main enticing factors. The offer was higher than my expectations, and the potential for career growth in this position is really good as well.”

How day one and beyond went

“The first week at Comcast was great. They got me settled in right away, and I got my laptop on the first day. On the second day, they just gave me a tour of the office because I was new. We played some ping pong; it was really chill, and I was not expecting that.”

What I wish I knew before I started learning

“Pick one technology that you’re passionate about and commit to it. Stick with it and learn those skills. Going back into time, I would have 100% chosen an iOS development bootcamp over the generic software engineering one. If you want to, say, change and do something different, those languages are going to transfer over. Everything is kind of connected in that sense.”

Not sure where to start? Check out our personality quiz! We’ll help you find the best programming language to learn based on your strengths and interests.

Want to share your Codecademy learner story? Drop us a line here. And don’t forget to join the discussions in our community.

Should School Be a Place to Celebrate Halloween?

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Should School Be a Place to Celebrate Halloween?

Halloween is almost here. Will Oct. 31 be a regular day at your school or are there plans for celebrations? Will students and teachers dress up in costume? Will any of your classes have Halloween-themed lesson plans or “Monster Mash” playing while you work? What about the cafeteria menu — will there be items like spooky spaghetti or black and orange cookies?

What do you think of these kinds of festivities at school? Are they fun and maybe a little distracting, or a nice break from the usual school day? If you don’t celebrate Halloween, or don’t get into the holiday to the degree that the people around you do, what is that like? At school, do you feel left out or judged? If you opt out because of religious beliefs or your family’s wishes, does the atmosphere in school on this day ever make you uncomfortable?

In “New Jersey Governor Joins School Halloween Fray: ‘Give Me a Break,’” Sopan Deb writes about a school district that decided to do away with Halloween celebrations in an effort to be more inclusive:

If you happen to attend one of the 10 schools in New Jersey’s South Orange and Maplewood school district, put away that Spiderman costume on Halloween. Or wait until after school.

Earlier this month, Dr. Ronald G. Taylor, the superintendent of the district, sent a letter to parents saying that Halloween would not be celebrated during school hours. The decision was, the letter said, an effort to promote “diversity, equity, and inclusion meaningfully.”

School districts like the one in South Orange and Maplewood have chosen to not hold Halloween celebrations in an effort to be more inclusive to students either who do not celebrate the holiday for religious reasons, or whose families cannot afford elaborate costumes.

The announcement from Dr. Taylor divided families in the district. Some fully supported the decision, pointing out that some of the elementary schools had already stopped celebrating the holiday, whereas other parents saw this as liberal good intentions going off the rails.

And then, the news found its way to the governor’s desk. On Tuesday afternoon, Philip D. Murphy stepped right into the fray, writing on X, formerly known as Twitter: “Seriously? We can’t let kids celebrate Halloween? Give me a break.”

The post sparked a media firestorm and set local parents groups on Facebook buzzing, reigniting the same tense discussion that began weeks prior with Dr. Taylor’s letter. It is unclear why Mr. Murphy decided to weigh in on the discussion now. Both towns had voted overwhelmingly for him in 2021, when Mr. Murphy became the first Democrat to be re-elected to the governor’s office in 44 years.

The debate over Halloween comes amid fraught discussions in recent years on efforts to tackle racial inequity and improve diversity in the South Orange and Maplewood schools, which have about 7,200 students. The district is in the midst of an integration plan that has changed how students are assigned to elementary schools in an attempt to reduce education segregation and improve outcomes for Black students.

Dr. Taylor wrote in a follow-up news release that the Halloween decision came after school principals were surveyed and said they “were overwhelming in favor of discontinuing Halloween celebrations in school.”

The letter acknowledged that the move might invite a backlash, but it was important, he wrote, “to building equity, fostering inclusion, and building a sense of belonging throughout our schools.”

That’s not to say there will be nothing happening on Halloween. Dr. Taylor said he expected that some elementary schools in the district would have a “Fall/Harvest Festival” on Oct. 31.

Students, read the entire article and then tell us:

  • What do you think about the South Orange and Maplewood school district’s decision to stop allowing Halloween activities?

  • What about the reasoning behind the decision? Do you think it will help with the district’s intention of wanting all students to feel included in the culture of their school? Explain.

  • Is it fair to celebrate Halloween in school if there are students who do not or cannot participate? Is it fair to eliminate Halloween for all students because of those who do not take part? If the decision were yours to make, what would you do and why?

  • How does your school handle Halloween? Do you think it should do something different? Why or why not?


Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public and may appear in print.

Find more Student Opinion questions here. Teachers, check out this guide to learn how you can incorporate these prompts into your classroom.