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Shaping the future: University of Michigan and Coursera partner on XR-enhanced immersive learning experiences  

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Shaping the future: University of Michigan and Coursera partner on XR-enhanced immersive learning experiences  

By Betty Vandenbosch, Chief Content Officer at Coursera

Today, I am excited to share that the University of Michigan (U-M)  — the best public university in the U.S. and a leader in online education — is the first to announce courses using extended reality (XR) on Coursera. The university will launch 10 XR-enhanced courses exclusively on Coursera to help learners develop critical skills needed for the future of work and society.

This begins a new chapter for Coursera as we work with our partners to deliver the next phase of online learning — immersive learning experiences powered by augmented, mixed, and virtual realities. Open courses from top educators democratize access to knowledge while Guided Projects provide hands-on learning using job-relevant tools. Now, XR content will enable social learning through role-play simulations and can expand access to high-risk, high-cost education, such as mobility, manufacturing, and healthcare training.  

As one of Coursera’s founding partners 10 years ago, U-M continues to innovate and lead the digital transformation of higher education. U-M has reached nearly 8 million global learners through its 190 open courses, three MasterTrack®️ programs, and three degrees on Coursera. On campus, 96% of undergraduate students use online tools developed by the Center for Academic Innovation, which shapes U-M’s online learning programs. To prepare for a blended future, the university continues to expand its digital portfolio while leveraging new technology. U-M launched an XR Initiative in 2019 to see how XR could advance teaching and learning and has become a leading university in the field. 

XR, including interactive 360 videos, mobile phone augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR), has the power to transform the learning experience. Seventy-two percent of students reported increased learning outcomes through VR learning. Compared to in-person learning, VR can help businesses train employees four times faster while increasing employees’ confidence in applying skills in their work. U-M has interviewed more than 50 industry leaders to inform their latest XR strategy and collaborated with leading global companies, including Novartis, GM, and Microsoft. 

The 10 new XR courses cover human skills, future thinking, and specialized vertical content for growing industries such as healthcare. The first three courses, People, Technology & Future of Mobility; Advancing Health Equity Through Continuing Education; and Feedback Loops: How to Give and Get Better Feedback, are scheduled to debut in early 2023. Future courses will cover topics including AR/VR in manufacturing, implicit bias, nursing skills, and learning experience design. All courses are accessible on mobile devices — requiring no VR headset — to benefit learners worldwide, including those in emerging economies. 

“Learners and learning organizations must be agile and acquire new knowledge and skills to understand, shape, and prepare for the future of work,”  said James DeVaney, the founding executive director of the Center for Academic Innovation at U-M. “As we enter our 10th year of partnership with Coursera, we’re excited to continue our strategic collaboration and drive the global learning and skills revolution. Coursera is a leading voice and platform in online education and offers easy access to millions who need to learn these skills. The Center for Academic Innovation is a leader in open learning and immersive storytelling. Together, we will leverage XR technology to bring online learning to the next level. A new kind of scalable experiential learning that allows for deeper understanding by combining learning design, engagement, art, presence, and storytelling.”

To build content at scale, U-M is leveraging XR stage technology and onboarding additional artists and developers to build XR learning experiences. Similar to the technology used to film Disney’s “The Mandalorian,” professors can use video wall technology and virtual production tools to mix live-action footage and computer graphics in real-time. Faculty will be able to transport learners to prospective future cities around the world to highlight the potential impacts of electrification or help learners practice giving and receiving feedback in authentic-feeling environments. The content can be used for on-campus or online learning, and since it is built modularly, it can stack into MasterTrack®️ programs and even degrees.

We are honored to work with visionary universities, such as U-M, to harness the latest technology and change how the world learns.

Getting Married? Here’s What You Need To Know To Code Your Own Wedding Website

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Getting Married? Here’s What You Need To Know To Code Your Own Wedding Website
How to code a wedding website

Planning a wedding often involves lots of DIY projects — including making a wedding website.

Lots of couples create wedding websites so that guests can easily access important details about the big day that might not fit on a paper invite, like schedules, dress codes, gift registries, and even photo albums.

While there are plenty of drag-and-drop platforms that make it easy for anyone to build wedding websites, you and your partner might not want a cookie-cutter website. Why not use your upcoming nuptials as an opportunity to put your coding knowledge into practice?

If you already have a baseline knowledge of how to build web pages, here are some clever add-ons you can use to customize your wedding website with code.

An easy-to-read schedule

Anyone who knows HTML and CSS, aka the “power couple” of web development, can set up a no-frills static wedding website. With these languages, you can build a table that displays your day-of schedule right on your webpage — and save yourself tons of day-of questions about event timing.

Check out this example wedding website that Jiwon Shin, Senior Curriculum Developer at Codecademy, created. Here’s what the code for the schedule table at the bottom would look like:

Schedule

Time Event
4:30 PM Ceremony
6 PM Dinner
10 PM After Party

Need a refresher on building tables in HTML and CSS? Our course Build a Website with HTML, CSS, and GitHub Pages walks you through how to create HTML tables (you’ll even get hands-on practice making a schedule for a wine festival).

Once you have a handle on HTML and CSS, you can use JavaScript to add responsive and dynamic features to a website, like animations or interactive elements. Our Learn JavaScript course is an excellent entry into the fundamentals of front-end and back-end development.

A photo album

Adding pictures to a webpage is simple with HTML/CSS and a little JavaScript. But if you really want to show off all your engagement and couples photos, consider making a photo album that plays like a slideshow. Take a look at Jiwon’s workspace (you need to create a free Codecademy account to view it) to see how she coded a photo carousel that cycles through four images.

Coding a photo slideshow in JavaScript

This is just a taste of how you can use JavaScript to level-up websites. Our pro course Building Interactive Websites with JavaScript will teach you how to marry (get it?!) HTML and JavaScript to make websites that users can actually engage with. For example, you’ll get practice building an interactive game and a shopping website using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Handlebars.

A custom URL

Give your wedding website a memorable URL (that even your nieces and nephews will be able to type) with our course. It’ll walk you through how to build, deploy, and host your own domain with the domain name registrar NameCheap, and you’ll also learn how to use Bootstrap, a popular CSS framework with a library of pre-written CSS rules.

An embedded registry

Many registry sites like Zola and MyRegistry give users the option to embed a HTML snippet into a custom wedding website so users can browse and shop the registry on-site. Technically, you don’t need to know any code to copy and paste a snippet, but having a grasp of HTML is a good tool to have under your belt and will give you more flexibility to make adjustments if you need.

A countdown

Build anticipation for your event with a countdown timer that expires on the big day. You can create this using JavaScript — but it’s slightly trickier for beginners, because it involves some asynchronous functionality.

Kenny Lin, Domain Manager at Codecademy, shared an example of how you could code a countdown timer. Check out his workspace here, or use the code JavaScript snippet below in your own website:

// Edit the string to get your desired countdown change 'December 31, 2022' to your own date
const desiredDate = new Date('December 31, 2022');

// Get the time to use in a later calculation
const datesTime = desiredDate.getTime();


// Assigning the interval to a variable to clear and reset on a second to second
const countdownInterval = setInterval(function() {

  // Get today's date and time
  const currentTime = new Date().getTime();

  // Find the distance between now and the count down date
  let timeDiff = datesTime - currentTime;

  // Calculating the different units of time
  const days = Math.floor(timeDiff / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
  // Remove days' time from timediff
  // Continue this pattern for hours, minutes, and seconds
  timeDiff -= days * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24;
  const hours = Math.floor(timeDiff / (1000 * 60 * 60));
  timeDiff -= hours * 1000 * 60 * 60;
  const minutes = Math.floor(timeDiff / (1000 * 60));
  timeDiff -= minutes * 1000 * 60;
  const seconds = Math.floor(timeDiff / 1000);

  // Grab the 'counter' element
  let counter = document.getElementById('counter');
  counter.innerHTML = `${days} Days, ${hours} Hours, ${minutes} Minutes, ${seconds} Seconds`;

  // If the count down is finished, write some text
  if (timeDiff < 0) {
    clearInterval(countdownInterval);
    counter.innerHTML = 'Countdown's up!';
  }
// Every 1000 milliseconds the counter text renews
}, 1000);

An impressive layout

You can turn to our course Create a Professional Website with Velo by Wix to learn how to quickly make an interactive wedding website from expertly designed templates. Velo is Wix’s full-stack development platform. “With Wix, you don't need to worry too much about HTML and CSS, because Velo will take care of that for you,” Jiwon says. And most people complete the course in 20 hours, so it’s not a huge time commitment.

Local weather forecasts

Stressed about the weather for your outdoor or destination wedding? Consider adding up-to-date local weather information to your website using a third-party API. Using the Wix .fetch module, you can add data from Open Weather App, like historical weather, precipitation maps, and hourly forecasts.

Some final tips

As you start to build your wedding website, you’ll want to avoid these common web dev pitfalls that can mess with a website’s functionality and user experience. Another handy wedding-planning skill? Learn how to manage your guest list and RSVPs through our pro skill path Analyze Data with Microsoft Excel. And if you’re really feeling ambitious, you could even build a mobile application for your wedding after making your way through our iOS Developer Career Path.

Building a personalized wedding website is just one example of what you can do with web development. Sharpen your skills with HTML and CSS code challenges or explore the many jobs in the vast field. Codecademy has tons of resources for folks who are interested in jumpstarting a web development career. With our Front-End Engineer Career Path you’ll learn to use JavaScript, React, and Redux to build dynamic websites, and even build projects that you can include in a portfolio.

Web Development Courses & Tutorials | Codecademy

Web Development is the practice of developing websites and web apps that live on the internet. Whether you’re interested in front-end, back-end, or going full-stack, the content in our Web Development domain will help you get there.

How Sustainable Software Design Combats Climate Change — & How To Get Involved

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How Sustainable Software Design Combats Climate Change — & How To Get Involved
Sustainable software design

Making simple tweaks to be more environmentally conscious in your daily life — like shopping second-hand or unplugging your devices — can often feel like a drop in the bucket when it comes to reversing climate change. And while mitigating the overwhelming effects of climate change will take a lot more than remembering to compost your banana peel, the collective effect of these habits amounts to something.

Even as you write code or develop software, there are steps you can take to be better to the planet, according to Asim Hussain, Microsoft’s green cloud advocacy lead.

Asim focuses on creating sustainability solutions for people who are in the business of building software. “I’m trying to answer the question: What can people do in their jobs — or the things that they’re sitting at their desk eight hours a day doing — to have a more positive impact on the planet?” he says.  

Through lots of research and experience as a developer, Asim came up with a group of guiding principles that developers can use to build green software. With this framework in mind, you can ultimately utilize fewer physical resources and use energy more intelligently to reduce your software’s carbon footprint, he says.

The 8 principles of sustainable software design:

  • Carbon: Build applications that are carbon-efficient, meaning they extract as much value as possible for each gram of carbon they emit into the atmosphere.
  • Electricity: All software requires electricity, so how can we build products that are energy-efficient?
  • Carbon Intensity: Consume electricity with the lowest carbon intensity, which is the amount of carbon by weight emitted per unit of energy consumed.
  • Embodied Carbon: Move away from “planned obsolescence” by building applications that are capable of running on older hardware without sacrificing performance.
  • Energy Proportionality: Maximize the energy efficiency of hardware by running work on fewer servers with the highest rate of utilization.
  • Networking: Reduce the amount of data used and decrease the distance it has to travel across a network.
  • Demand Shaping: Building “carbon-aware” applications is a matter of adding eco modes that adjust your computer’s demands to times or regions when the supply of renewable electricity is high.
  • Optimization: Keep track of step-by-step optimizations that make your product more carbon-efficient, like cost or performance.

The cool thing about these principles is that they don’t just apply to engineers or people writing code; they’re useful for “anybody who’s even remotely involved in or has any influence in the building or running of software,” Asim says. Of course, the tangible ways that people implement these principles into their daily lives vary depending on their specific role.

For example, a machine learning engineer and a web developer would use different techniques and tweaks to implement the principles. “Machine learning tends to be very CPU-intensive,” Asim explains. “Maybe you’re pushing more to your end-user device? So, if you’ve got a machine learning model, instead of making API calls to a server, what can you do on this device so that you don’t need to do that transfer?”

A web developer or mobile developer, on the other hand, might make specific choices that ensure a product won’t become obsolete as hardware and operating systems get more advanced, Asim suggests. “So, you’re always testing websites on older browsers, and you’re making sure things work on older hardware,” he says. There are even more benefits to this down the line: If software is built to outlast these updates, people will end up wasting less hardware.

How to get involved

These are just a few examples of how sustainable software design can change the way you write code and develop technology. Here are some other ways that you can get involved with the movement:

  • Join the ClimateAction.tech Slack community: Connect with thousands of like-minded tech workers who want to address climate issues in the workplace. On Slack, you can ask questions, share resources, or just have meaningful conversations about climate tech.
  • Contribute to open-source projects: Asim’s nonprofit, Green Software Foundation, has a handful of sustainability-focused repositories on GitHub that you can contribute to (heads up: you need to become a GSF member before you start making changes to repositories). For example, one of the projects involves figuring out a methodology to calculate the carbon intensity of a software application.
  • Share this wisdom with the rest of your team: Don’t discount the impact that one person can have on mitigating the effects of climate change. “If you’re in a dev team, all you need is one person who thinks of climate as a priority, and they’ll change the processes that will change the DevOps pipeline,” Asim says. Host a brown-bag presentation for your colleagues on sustainable software design, or share a link to this blog in your Slack channels.

Catalog Home | Codecademy

If you’re not sure where to begin or what to learn next, this is a great place to start. Check out our top coding courses, Skill Paths, and Career Paths.

Should Parents Give Children More Responsibility at Younger Ages?

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Should Parents Give Children More Responsibility at Younger Ages?

At what age do you think children should be allowed to play outdoors without supervision? Take a walk or bike ride alone? Go to a local store? Take public transportation? Stay home alone?

How old were you when you first did those things? What memories do you have about them?

In the Opinion essay “On Japan’s Adorable ‘Old Enough!’ Show and the State of American Childhoods,” Jessica Grose writes about a long-running reality show that depicts children reaching common milestones of independence, at ages that may surprise you. The article begins:

An aggressively adorable reality show that’s been on for decades in Japan recently hit Netflix. It’s called “Old Enough!” and it depicts Japanese little ones, some as young as 2, taking their first solo journeys (the show’s original title is translated as “My First Errand”). These tiny children are shown toddling by themselves to the grocery store, to their grandmother’s house to pick something up or to a local farm to yank an enormous cabbage out of the ground.

Sometimes they get distracted from their appointed mission and start playing, and they often notice and interact with the camera operators, who appear in the background of many scenes. But the narrative is basically the same every time: A child overcomes fears or hesitations by running an errand, learning to politely ask questions of supportive and kind adults when help is needed to figure out how to pay for lunch or cross a busy street. And the kids are brimming with pride after accomplishing their tasks.

In addition to being utterly charmed by how cute the show is, my response was: This wouldn’t fly in the United States. If there were an American version, parents who allowed their children to appear would probably be framed as irresponsible, or the kids would be shown to need parental support at every turn.

You’re probably also thinking: America is not Japan. And that’s correct. Our cultures are quite different. One glaring example is gun violence, something that’s rare in Japan and alarmingly predictable in our country. But, sadly, we know that the presence of an adult doesn’t necessarily protect children from that horror. Another difference is infrastructure. As a University of Tokyo professor explained to Slate’s Henry Grabar: “Drivers in Japan are taught to yield to pedestrians. Speed limits are low. Neighborhoods have small blocks with lots of intersections. That means kids have to cross the street a lot — but also keeps drivers going slow, out of self-interest if nothing else.” But even given these differences, we should at least entertain the idea that Americans have over-rotated on protectiveness in the past few decades and need to reconsider letting their kids do more by themselves.

The article ends:

America is vast, and parents know their kids and their specific neighborhoods best — I’m not about to send my 5-year-old to the bodega by herself quite yet. But I hope watching “Old Enough!” will make more American parents consider the possibility that our cultural norms need a reset, or at least a rethink. I watched the show with my youngest, and she was so jealous and irritated that the kids, some of whom were younger than she is, were allowed to do so many exciting things mostly on their own. Seeing the looks of joy on the “Old Enough!” kids’ tiny faces after completing their quotidian assignments certainly made me want that sense of triumph for my daughters, however they might achieve it.

Students, read the entire essay, then tell us:

  • Have you seen the show “Old Enough!”? If not, now that you’ve read about it, do you want to?

  • The author writes that an American version of the show “wouldn’t fly.” Do you agree? Why or why not?

  • Do you think parents and guardians in small towns or rural areas in the United States should be more open to allowing their children to do things outside the home than those in big cities? Why or why not? What other factors do you think adults should take into account when deciding what to allow their kids to do?

  • How old were you when your parents or guardians first allowed you to do things alone? What do you remember? How were you affected?

  • When you look back now, do you think the adults in your life made the right decisions about the ages at which you could handle various responsibilities, or do you wish you’d been younger (or older)? Why?

  • The writer says she hopes that the show will lead American parents to “consider the possibility that our cultural norms need a reset, or at least a rethink.” Do you agree? Do you think American parents (or parents in your country, if you are not American) are overprotective? Why or why not?


Want more writing prompts? You can find all of our questions in our Student Opinion column. Teachers, check out this guide to learn how you can incorporate them into your classroom.

Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public.

Constructive Criticism

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Constructive Criticism

A study published online last month found that most people are reluctant to share constructive criticism even if it would ultimately be useful to the other person. The same study found that most people would genuinely like to hear that type of feedback.

How well do you receive constructive criticism? Do you find it useful or detrimental? Was there a time when constructive criticism brought a positive change to your life?

Is it easy for you to give others advice on how to improve themselves? Why is it sometimes difficult to change things that might make our lives better?

Tell us in the comments, then read the related article to learn more.


Want more Picture Prompts? Find them all in this column.

Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public.

Word of the Day: impending

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Word of the Day: impending

The word impending has appeared in 249 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on Jan. 29 in “As Storms Intensify, the Job of TV Weather Person Gets More Serious” by Marc Tracy:

“During the weathercast, you generally want to give people what they’re looking for at that moment,” said Jeff Berardelli, who moved to NBC’s Tampa affiliate in November after time as a national meteorologist for CBS News. “But when the opportunity presents itself, I will put it into its climate context.”

In an article on Friday about the weekend’s impending snowstorm in the Northeast, Mr. Berardelli reported that warming waters off the Northeast were probably the cause of far more frequent major winter weather events. The Tampa Bay area is also getting a share of extreme weather, with freezing temperatures expected on Sunday, which Mr. Berardelli said could be related to the storm a thousand miles away.

Can you correctly use the word impending in a sentence?

Based on the definition and example provided, write a sentence using today’s Word of the Day and share it as a comment on this article. It is most important that your sentence makes sense and demonstrates that you understand the word’s definition, but we also encourage you to be creative and have fun.

Then, read some of the other sentences students have submitted and use the “Recommend” button to vote for two original sentences that stand out to you.

If you want a better idea of how impending can be used in a sentence, read these usage examples on Vocabulary.com.

If you enjoy this daily challenge, try one of our monthly vocabulary challenges.

Students ages 13 and older in the United States and the United Kingdom, and 16 and older elsewhere, can comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff.

10 years of learning: Coursera celebrates 100 million global learners and a new Machine Learning Specialization from co-founder Andrew Ng

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10 years of learning: Coursera celebrates 100 million global learners and a new Machine Learning Specialization from co-founder Andrew Ng

By Jeff Maggioncalda, CEO, Coursera

Today, we’re proud to announce that Coursera has reached more than 100 million registered learners worldwide. As we mark this milestone, it’s inspiring to reflect on our evolution as a global learning destination since we launched in 2012. What started a decade ago as an experiment by Daphne Koller and Andrew Ng is now one of the largest online learning communities in the world. 

I’m also excited to announce that Andrew Ng, alongside DeepLearning.AI and Stanford, is launching a new version of his original Machine Learning course, this time as a Specialization. On our ten-year anniversary, one of the first and most popular courses ever published on Coursera will be updated and expanded to help learners develop the right skills for today’s machine learning roles. The new beginner Specialization joins Coursera’s rapidly expanding catalog of 5,000+ courses, 2,200+ projects, 600+ Specializations, 75+ certificates, and 30+ degrees, all created in partnership with more than 250 leading universities and industry educators. 

As the Coursera catalog and learning platform have grown over these last 10 years, our commitment to the mission remains unchanged: to transform lives through learning. That mission is most apparent in the personal stories of learners, like Emma in Australia, who reskilled and switched fields while on maternity leave; Bharathan in India, who pushed past vision loss to launch an AI career; and Ehab in Germany, who could keep pursuing his dreams after fleeing his home country amid conflict. These are just three examples out of the millions of unique learner journeys that occur on Coursera each day.  

We’re especially heartened to see online learning reach individuals across many regions and backgrounds. Emerging economies including Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, and the Philippines reported some of the highest rates of new learner growth in 2020 and 2021. Additionally, roughly half of Coursera’s global learners identify as women, and there has been encouraging enrollment growth among women learners in STEM courses and job-focused certificates over the last two years. 

These transformative learning experiences wouldn’t exist without our university and industry partners. We’re grateful for their shared commitment to our mission of increasing access to quality education. As we look to the next 10 years and beyond, we’re eager to find new ways to unlock even greater access to high-quality education for learners around the world.

10 things that have always been true about Coursera learners

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10 things that have always been true about Coursera learners

Ten years ago, Daphne Koller and Andrew Ng had an idea—make world-class education available to anyone, anywhere. Ever since, you’ve been demonstrating just how powerful that idea can be. You’ve shown the world what’s possible when you learn without limits.

We think the best way to celebrate this milestone is to celebrate you, and all you’ve learned on Coursera. And as we take a moment to pause and reflect on our journey together, we’d like to share a few things we’ve learned about you along the way. 

Here are ten things that have always been true about Coursera learners!

  1. You’re global.
    • Our community is now 100 million strong, and you’re joining us from nearly every country in the world. 
  2. You have the courage to pursue change. 
    • “It can be easy to define yourself in terms of your current job. Learning to code helped me see past that.” – Krystal, US 
  3. You give back. 
    • Dedicated learners like those of you in our Global Translator Community have helped create 21,000 subtitles for courses in over 56 languages
  4. You love a good challenge. 
  5. You love to share what you learn.
    • “Coursera helped me engage my new community. By learning, I can be an active citizen wherever I am.” – Hadi, Turkey
  6. You’re committed to transformation.
    • 2.5 million of you are learning job-ready skills in Professional Certificate programs so you can launch new careers, pursue new opportunities, and reach new milestones. More than 16,000 of you are on your way to earning a master’s or bachelor’s degree. And what about you first-time learners on Coursera? More than 65% of you will go on to enroll in more courses!
  7. You’re courageous.
    • “Never let anyone tell you that you can’t learn or do something. I was discouraged by a lot of people when I wanted to learn how to code. They told me I was too old to learn something ‘that hard.’ Now here I am—I showed them that nothing is impossible!” – Julio R., Chile
  8. You’re always ready to learn – anywhere, anytime.
    • You’ve watched over 282 million lectures on mobile—on lunch breaks, commutes, and more!
  9. You’re building new skills.
    • “I’ve always wanted to upskill myself, but I didn’t know I could do it online and earn certificates from well-known universities. I enrolled in my first-ever course and loved it! In fact, I fell in love with learning! I started taking courses one after another and I recently completed the Google Data Analytics Professional Certificate program. The courses in this program were perfectly tailored for beginners. I’m so grateful to have discovered Coursera and thankful to @Google for creating such a great, informative program. I’ve gained so many skills!” – @_rakshith.s.n 
  10. You continue to learn without limits.
    • As of 2021, you’ve collectively enrolled in more than 194 million courses. 

While you continue to learn on Coursera, we continue to learn from you. Your dedication, commitment, and passion are what motivate us every day. Thank you for ten remarkable years, and here’s to the next amazing decade together!

If Two Songs Sound Alike, Is It Stealing?

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If Two Songs Sound Alike, Is It Stealing?

When songs have similar melodies, chords or lyrics, do you think it is more often a result of plagiarism or sheer coincidence?

“Shape of You” by Ed Sheeran is currently the most streamed song on Spotify, but another musician accused Mr. Sheeran of copying parts of it. In “Ed Sheeran Wins ‘Shape of You’ Plagiarism Case,” Alex Marshall writes about a judge’s recent ruling that has wider implications for the music industry:

Ed Sheeran did not steal from another songwriter when he wrote his 2017 megahit “Shape of You,” according to a highly anticipated court ruling here on Wednesday.

Justice Zacaroli, the judge overseeing the case, said “Mr. Sheeran neither deliberately nor subconsciously copied” the track “Oh Why,” by the British songwriter Sami Chokri, who records as Sami Switch.

There was “no more than speculative” evidence that Mr. Sheeran had even ever heard “Oh Why,” Justice Zacaroli added, dismissing Mr. Chokri’s claim of copyright infringement.

The plagiarism case was only the latest involving a prominent songwriter, but recording industry executives have been watching the case closely, because of its potential to bolster other claims. Mr. Sheeran still faces a pending trial in New York over another of his hits, “Thinking Out Loud,” which won song of the year at the 2016 Grammys; some of the owners of the rights to Marvin Gaye’s song “Let’s Get It On” accuse Mr. Sheeran of copying it.

At the heart of the case in London was a short passage in “Shape of You,” which topped charts worldwide and currently stands as the most streamed song on Spotify, with over three billion plays. In the track, Mr. Sheeran repeatedly sings the hook “Oh, I,” in a rising pentatonic melody, which Mr. Chokri claims was based on a section of his song “Oh Why,” which was released in 2015 but had comparatively little success.

The article concludes:

In his ruling, Justice Zacaroli wrote that while Mr. Chokri’s shock at hearing “Shape of You” was understandable, given the similarities between the two songs, such coincidences “are not uncommon.” Even if Mr. Sheeran had been looking for inspiration for the track, he added, Mr. Chokri’s track was “far from an obvious source.”

Shortly after the ruling, Mr. Sheeran posted a clip to his Instagram account saying that as much as he was “happy with the result,” he felt “claims like this are way too common now.”

“There’s only so many notes and very few chords used in pop music,” Mr. Sheeran said, adding that, given that, “coincidences are bound to happen if 60,000 songs are released every day on Spotify.” The culture of lawsuits, Mr. Sheeran said, “really does have to end.”

Students, read the entire article, then tell us:

  • After the ruling, Mr. Sheeran said that given the limited notes and chords common in pop music and the thousands of songs released each day, “coincidences are bound to happen.” Do you agree? If two songs sound alike, do you tend to think it’s a result of one artist stealing from another — consciously or unconsciously — or a coincidence?

  • Briefly listen to the two songs in this case: Ed Sheeran’s “Shape of You” and Sami Switch’s “Oh Why.” How alike do they sound to you? If you were the judge, how would you have ruled, and why?

  • In your view, when is it OK for an artist to borrow from someone else’s work? Can you think of any examples when it would be acceptable? When do you think borrowing crosses the line into plagiarism?

  • Do you think artists should be punished for “cryptomnesia” — a term for when someone mistakes an idea they have already encountered for an original thought? Have you ever experienced cryptomnesia? Do you think it is possible to determine when it has occurred?

  • This case is similar to many other suits against pop musicians. Do you agree with Mr. Sheeran, who believes that cases of this kind are too common? Why or why not?


Want more writing prompts? You can find all of our questions in our Student Opinion column. Teachers, check out this guide to learn how you can incorporate them into your classroom.

Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public.

Word of the Day: venturesome

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Word of the Day: venturesome

The word venturesome has appeared in eight articles on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on May 28 in “A Spiritual Meeting in the Sand and a Wedding There, Too” by Lois Smith Brady:

On the morning of April 24, Emily Arnold and Youssef Ait-Khouya walked over the dunes at Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park outside Kanab, Utah, chose a spot to get married and began accessorizing it. They laid down Moroccan rugs and pillows, set up a portable table and decorated it with vases of flowers, a tea set and Moroccan lanterns. The surrounding dunes were continually changing shape because of the near-constant wind. A sign inside the park reads: “When you left your car in the parking lot, you left stability behind.”

… Ms. Arnold, 34, grew up in a Mormon family in South Jordan, Utah, and was known for being studious and devoutly religious, but also venturesome and independent. “Super duper” is one of her favorite phrases and one of her favorite books is “I Married Adventure” by Osa Johnson. “I loved the idea of wanting to marry adventure, not just marry the boy next door or somebody from school,” she said.

Can you correctly use the word venturesome in a sentence?

Based on the definition and example provided, write a sentence using today’s Word of the Day and share it as a comment on this article. It is most important that your sentence makes sense and demonstrates that you understand the word’s definition, but we also encourage you to be creative and have fun.

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If you want a better idea of how venturesome can be used in a sentence, read these usage examples on Vocabulary.com.

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