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How to Draw Nature

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How to Draw Nature

If you enjoy watching birds floating by or chipmunks scampering across your lawn, why not have a go at drawing them to remember what gave you some cheer? With a few basic tips, you can begin making simple drawings. Don’t worry about how good they are. Enjoy that you are learning to see nature. As the writer and naturalist Rachel Carson said, “Those who notice nature will never be bored.”

All you need is a pencil and paper. (You can start in the space at below right.) If your desired subject is not right in front of you, or moves too quickly for you to capture, a field guide or a clear photo from a magazine or online search will do. Choose an image that is in profile, which makes it easier to see your subject’s shape. Keep your drawing small, no more than four inches to begin.

How to begin: Find five or 10 minutes in your day to slow down and be with nature. What would you like to draw, to learn more about? It could be anything — a butterfly, a chickadee, an oak tree, even a green pepper or an apple.

Look very carefully at your subject, figuring out its basic shape. How did it grow and where? How does it live? Remember, this is a stress reliever, not a stress creator. Getting to know your animal is the important thing. Try doing sketches of what you see directly, mostly looking at the animal and not at your paper.

Don’t take more than 15 minutes. If you think folks won’t know what you drew, label it and jot down the date so you remember when you drew it. And if you want to get better, keep drawing.

To help you get started, here are some tips:

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

1. All mammals can be drawn beginning with three basic circles for hip, belly and shoulder.

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

2. Once you have those, you can sketch in the other parts — the neck, head, tail, legs and the beginning details.

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

3. When you have your proportions worked out, add the details of the fur, eye, nose, etc. to create your finished drawing.

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

1. All birds are drawn beginning with two basic circles for the body and head, their relative size determined by the bird’s anatomy.

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

2. Add the tail, wing, bit of neck, legs.

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

3. When you have your proportions worked out, add details of feathers, beak, toes, eye to create your finished drawing.

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

Whatever kind of animal you are drawing, it’s important to position the eye correctly and to put in a highlight so that it doesn’t look dead. In birds, make sure to draw the upper and lower bill so that the bill can open.

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

1. Find the basic geometric shape of your flower. Here, the daffodil has a six- pointed star shape as there are six petals.

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

2. Draw the petals around your star, the center trumpet, the stamen and pistil inside, and then the veins of the petals plus stem (and maybe) leaf beside.

Credit…Clare Walker Leslie

3. In profile, the flower shape is no longer round but oval as it is foreshortened.


Clare Walker Leslie is an internationally known wildlife artist, author, and educator. She has written 13 books on drawing and connecting with nature.

A Simple Exercise For Encouraging Independent Reading

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A Simple Exercise For Encouraging Independent Reading

When the school year started, I focused on the important issues — racial justice, the pandemic, the election — yet I couldn’t stop thinking about how I could share with students the Weird Al profile that made me laugh and cry, the article about sheep shearing off the coast of Maine, the photo tour of the chalk factory that built a cult following among mathematicians, the bizarre story of the prank-commissioned Soviet-style mural of Cookie Monster, and the multimedia article that brought me 12,000 feet up the Grand Traverse in the Teton Mountain Range.

Finally, I realized that these articles weren’t extraneous. They were a model of the lifelong reading habits that I wanted my students to develop. I shared all those articles as a text set and used one to demonstrate the summary and reflection I would have them compose for the articles they would find. My students were familiar with the concept of texts as mirrors and windows, so I asked them to look for one of each. I showed them how to use the search bar to find a topic they were already interested in, as well as how to browse the many, many sections of the New York Times website in order to discover something unexpected.

They found a trove of articles, Opinion pieces, videos and photojournalism that I had not encountered on my own. When they shared with one another in class, all of our worlds widened with new understanding. Many students revealed personal connections in their written reflections that taught me more about them, revelations that were profound, touching, fun and surprising. Ultimately, everyone gained something from the experience, including me, and I feel hopeful that they will take this with them on their journey as lifelong readers.

Nora W.

Mirror: “Olivia Rodrigo’s ‘Drivers License’ Hit No. 1 in a Week. Here’s How

The day “Drivers License” was released it completely blew up on TikTok, and my For You page was filled with videos of people listening and reacting to it. While I was reading the article, I knew this song was breaking records left and right, but I had no idea it had gone worldwide.

Window: “Ancient Remains in Peru Reveal Young, Female Big-Game Hunter

Ever since I’ve been a kid, whenever I watched a movie or documentary about past civilizations the hunters were always depicted as male and the gatherers, female. I just really appreciate the fact there is more information to be uncovered that could prove women and men had somewhat equal roles.

Jakyra A.

Mirror: “​The Talk of the Super Bowl Is Quarterbacks, Except One​”

I appreciate this article a great deal as someone who is not only Black but cares deeply about making people aware of the racism that still occurs today. The main question was why did it take the N.F.L. so long to say that Black lives matter, when according to the article, “N.F.L. rosters are 70 percent African-American”?

Window: “​An Unleashed Dog, Sentenced to Death After an Attack​”

I have never had a pet before, not even something as small as a hamster, so to me this was very informative in that I don’t necessarily have to worry about my nonexistent pet being attacked by my neighbor’s unleashed dog. Now, though, from looking through this “window,” I can understand the importance of leashing your animals for their safety as well as others’.

Journalist Moms on Their Parenting Super Powers

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Journalist Moms on Their Parenting Super Powers

My super power is teaching my baby to get into the groove. The latest adorable video clip of my 10-month-old that’s making the rounds among friends and family shows her rocking out to the cartoonish ’80s hit “Walk the Dinosaur” by the band Was (Not Was). Though she can’t yet walk, the girl can dance, and she has an ear for music; so I’m making it my business to encourage her to appreciate not just the Beatles, Motown or even Cocomelon, but to embrace the cheese and kick out the jam regardless of the source of the music. Whenever the rhythm strikes, I hope she’ll go with it — and that an open spirit will guide her wherever she goes. — Melonyce McAfee, senior staff editor

Since becoming a mother, I’m able to pick up on small hints of illness in my daughter. Things I would never have noticed with another human being before motherhood. It’s not based on maternal instinct or some motherly spidey sense but the mere fact that we are constantly around each other. It has made me hyper aware of slight changes in her behavior or demeanor. This “skill” has made me confident about what to do next and advocate for her in medical situations. I know no one knows her like I do. — Tiffanie Graham, staff photo editor

I have a new-mom pep talk I always share when I find out someone is about to become a parent: Ignore the people who talk about only how tough it is. Parenting is fun, interesting, joyful and expansive. I think as a culture we overemphasize the challenges of parenting. Why don’t we talk about how parenting can make you stronger, happier, more organized, more focused? I’ve made great new friends (other parents, teachers, coaches, students) because of my daughter, and most important, I’ve learned so much from her. I think my super strength as a mom has been that I’ve always focused on the joy of it, which makes the “work” part of parenting a lot easier. I was a single parent and while it wasn’t always easy, I loved every minute. My daughter is in college now, and while she still needs her mom, she’s also this amazing, interesting young woman, and I feel so lucky to know her. — Tara Parker-Pope, columnist

It’s 7:30 p.m. and I’m in the bathroom belting out a jazzy tune and some hastily made-up lyrics that I dubbed “The Germ Song.” Our 4-year-old enthusiastically brushes her teeth to the rhythm of my vocals, sweeping away all of the cavity-causing bad guys. “That’s a bop,” my wife says from the doorway. She’s impressed, and so am I — but not because of my improv skills. We’re amazed that — for once — neither of us had to coax our daughter to brush. As mothers, we are also chameleons, inhabiting other personas or characters. We play, yes, but we’re doing something else at the same time: getting through the bedtime routine; resolving our daughter’s fears; or exploring the world. — Christina Caron, reporter

As a child, I had a cassette tape of comedic fairy tales; they were mixed-up versions of classic stories, told in the voice of a moose. I memorized them, moose accent and all. Now, I cannot remember when the deadline to sign up my fifth grader for middle-school math class is (or was, welp), what time my kindergartner’s T-ball game starts tomorrow or so many other parents’ names. But those silly tales are lodged in my brain — and when I tell them, my kids crack up. Since they were babies, I have also been doing ridiculous dances to make them laugh. “Do the ‘Mommy dance,’” they say sometimes. Moms get a bad rap for not being the “fun parent” in heterosexual couples. But kids are hilarious, and laughing with my daughters is my saving grace. In my house, when all else fails, or when I am simply failing at doing things, being funny is how I turn it around. — Farah Miller, editorial director

What can you do with a computer science degree?

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What can you do with a computer science degree?

Thinking about studying computer science? We spoke with Alex, a curriculum developer here at Codecademy, to find out more about the types of things you can do with a computer science degree.

“A computer science degree gives you a solid foundation in computational thinking that you can then take into any domain. You can apply it to web development, database engineering, artificial intelligence or machine learning, operating systems, and much more,” Alex tells us.

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at how studying computer science helps you think like a programmer. And we’ll explore some of the paths you can take with a computer science degree. If you’re interested in learning more about computer science, our Computer Science Path is designed as a good entry point for someone interested in the field. It is great for CS majors as it covers many of the required courses found in a traditional CS degree. It also works well for anyone who wants to gain confidence for technical interviews and screenings.

What skills can you learn with a computer science degree?

A computer science degree gives you the foundational knowledge you need to work with computers, starting with a way of thinking.

“Computational thinking is about understanding how computers solve real-world problems. There are things we do every day that use computational thinking. If I’m meeting a friend at a restaurant, and I know where the restaurant is, I’ll naturally find the shortest or most efficient path there. Being able to recognize how we think computationally and translating that to programming is a big part of gaining that foundational computer science knowledge,” Alex says.

A computer science degree also exposes you to the fundamental building blocks of computing, from data structures and algorithms, to the math and hardware concepts that help you write efficient code.

Coding allows you to translate your computer science knowledge into instructions that a computer can carry out.

“You can teach computer science in any programming language, or you can teach it in multiple languages. At Codecademy, we teach our Computer Science Path mostly in Python. But the things you learn can be translated to any programming language. So if you need to learn Java, or you need to learn C++ for your job, it becomes really easy to make that switch,” Alex shares with us.

What can you do with a computer science degree?

There’s really no limit to what you can do with a computer science degree. Here are just a few of the routes you can go with:

  • Get a job in tech: Many computer science graduates pursue a career in technology. Before landing an entry-level job, students typically complete an internship that allows them to gain practical experience and build upon the foundational knowledge they’ve learned in their classes. Tech professionals can focus on front-end engineering, back-end engineering, full-stack engineering, data science, and more.
  • Continue in academia: Many computer science graduates continue in academia to pursue a master’s degree or PhD. This is a good option if you enjoy the theoretical side of computer science, or if you want to study a computer science subject in more detail, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, robotics, computational biology, human-computer interaction, and much more.
  • Launch a startup: If you’re passionate about solving a specific problem, you can apply the computer science skills you’ve learned to tackle a problem at scale with a startup.
  • Teach computer science: Share your knowledge by teaching at a school, bootcamp, or other educational setting. Many companies look for educators who can explain foundational computer science skills to folks.
  • Pursue a side project: Many people find creative ways to apply their computer science knowledge to personal projects and interests, whether that’s creating technology-based artwork or building applications that automate routine everyday tasks.

Advice on studying computer science

Alex shares two approaches you can take when getting started in computer science:

“You can come into computer science to appreciate a new way of thinking, and to shape how you think about problems in the world. You’ll start to see how this way of thinking relates to things that you’re excited about, and things that you want to build.”

“Or you can come into computer science with something you’re really excited to build. And in the process of building that, you’ll learn all of these foundational skills.”

Getting started

If you’re interested in learning more, our Computer Science Path takes you through the fundamentals of computer science, starting with an introduction to programming. You’ll also grow your mindset and learn to think like a programmer.

If you’re completely new to programming, the Code Foundations course introduces the basic principles of computer science, perfect for complementing your first CS course ever.

5 Tips for staying focused from the Codecademy community

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5 Tips for staying focused from the Codecademy community

Having trouble staying focused? Don’t worry, you’re not alone. It happens to the best of us. Reading and writing line after line of code can be a little tedious after a while, and it can be hard to stay focused when our favorite distractions (like Instagram and Twitter) are only a tap away.

Thankfully, we have a whole community of learners who’ve faced the same problem and are willing to share their solutions. We reached out to them on Twitter, asking about their favorite tricks for staying focused while they learned.

Turn off notifications

One of the tricks we heard most was to set your phone to Do Not Disturb (or to set it aside altogether). It can be hard getting into “the zone,” and once you’re finally there, the last thing you want is to be pulled out of it after your friend sends you a meme you’ve already seen a dozen times.

Setting your phone to Do Not Disturb helps ensure that you stay in the zone, free from any and all distractions.

Listen to music

Listening to music is another great way to stay focused. Dr. Masha Godkin, professor at Northcentral University, explains how music’s “activation of both hemispheres [of the brain] can maximize learning and improve memory.”

Dr. Godkin also advises us against listening to our favorite songs while trying to work. It’s hard to stay focused when you’re tapping or singing along to Taylor Swift. Instead, try listening to ambient genres like classical or electronic.

Many learners seem to understand this intuitively, recommending the well-known Lofi beats playlist on YouTube. Spotify’s Deep Focus playlist was another favorite.

Have a daily trackable goal

Being ambitious is admirable, but it can also be a little overwhelming. It’s easy to lose your focus when you’re fixated on a distant end goal. Instead of concentrating on your current projects, you might find yourself plotting or stressing over the work ahead of you.

Self-described aspiring software developer Juan Villa offers a solution to this problem — recommending that you break your projects down into smaller, trackable goals. Take our learn to build websites Skill Path as an example.

Creating an entire website can be a daunting prospect for someone new to the world of coding. But, breaking it down into the lessons in the Path (e.g., learning the basics of HTML and CSS) makes it feel much more manageable. Plus, as you complete your goals, you’ll end up with a gradually expanding list of achievements that you can look back on to stay motivated.

To help you on your way, our Curriculum Developers cultivated this list of bite-sized goals to look forward to while you’re learning to code. You can also set a weekly target for coding practice in your Codecademy account settings. While going through our records, we noticed that learners with weekly targets are more than 40% more likely to achieve their goals!

Use the Pomodoro Technique

Several learners suggested using the Pomodoro Technique. Developed in the ’80s by Francesco Cirillo, the Pomodoro Technique is a tried and true method of boosting your focus and the quality of your work — while also creating more free time. To get started, all you’ll need is a timer, pen, and paper (or you can just use your smartphone).

Essentially, the Pomodoro Technique involves working for 25-minute stretches with 5-minute breaks in between and an extended break (20 – 30 minutes) after 4 cycles. Over time, you’ll find yourself more focused and less vulnerable to distractions during your work sessions.

As you work, take note of how long it takes you to finish a project. This will give you a better understanding of your abilities, and you can refer to it later when undertaking a similar task.

Stay focused with Forest

Lastly, several learners recommended Forest. Forest is a productivity app that allows you to plant a virtual seed every time you set its timer. As the set time elapses, your seed will steadily grow from a sapling to an adult tree. Navigating away from the app will reset your tree’s growth, but if you leave it open for the duration of the timer, once your tree is mature, you’ll earn points that you can use to buy different types of trees or even plant one in real life.

Along with its app, Forest offers a browser extension that helps you stay focused while working on your desktop or laptop by blocking less-than-productive websites. You can also use it collaboratively in the event of a group project.

Hopefully, these tips will help you stay focused while you’re working — both on our website and beyond. Have any tips you’d like to share? Leave them in a comment below.

Teenagers in The Times: April 2021

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Teenagers in The Times: April 2021

Here is the April edition of Teenagers in The Times, a roundup of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. We publish a new edition on the first Thursday of each month.

For ideas about how to use Teenagers in The Times with your students, please see our lesson plan and special activity sheet, both of which can be used with this or any other edition.

_________

Education

Howard Students Protest Cut of Classics Department, Hub for Black Scholarship

Howard University’s board of trustees approved the decision to scrap the program, the only such department at a historically Black university.

One High School, Five Students Fatally Shot

Five students at a Knoxville, Tenn., high school have been killed in gun violence this year, plunging a community’s young people into a whirlwind of trauma.

Why Students Are Logging In to Class From 7,000 Miles Away

Students are joining remote classes from outside the country. In one New Jersey school district, computers were traced to 24 countries on a day last month.

For many college students, pandemic life is disappointing. For others, it is a financial crisis.

As campuses struggle under the shadow of the pandemic, many students report having trouble paying for food, housing and other basic needs.

Italy’s Problem With School Dropouts Goes From Bad to Worse

Even before the pandemic, Italy had among the worst dropout rates in Europe. But closed schools and online classes have pushed students out in higher numbers.

Online Schools Are Here to Stay, Even After the Pandemic

Some families have come to prefer stand-alone virtual schools and districts are rushing to accommodate them — though questions about remote learning persist.

100 U.S. colleges will require vaccinations to attend in-person classes in the fall.

Private colleges make up the bulk of the schools with vaccine mandates, but some public universities have also moved to require shots, according to a survey by The New York Times.

Only 8 Black Students Are Admitted to Stuyvesant High School

Once again, tiny numbers of Black and Latino students received offers to attend New York City’s elite public high schools.

School District Investigating ‘Abhorrent’ George Floyd Image Posted by Student

A football player posted the image, which superimposed two Virginia high schools’ logos on the faces of Derek Chauvin and George Floyd, to celebrate his team’s victory, according to the district superintendent.

_________

Civics, Politics, Economics and Business

YouTube Stars

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YouTube Stars

Students in U.S. high schools can get free digital access to The New York Times until Sept. 1, 2021.

A recent Times article profiled Jimmy Donaldson, 22, a YouTube megastar better known as Mr. Beast, whose numerous channels have 91 million subscribers. Mr. Donaldson now hopes to parlay his social media fame into other businesses.

Do you watch a lot of content on YouTube? If so, what are your favorite channels and why? Have you ever thought about creating your own YouTube channel? What would be its focus?

Also: how do you feel about YouTube celebrities like Mr. Beast? Do they deserve the same level of fame and success as “real celebrities?”

Tell us in the comments, then read the related article to learn more about Mr. Beast’s ambitions to further monetize his online fame.

How Often Do You Read, Watch or Listen to Things Outside of Your Comfort Zone?

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How Often Do You Read, Watch or Listen to Things Outside of Your Comfort Zone?

Four teachers who work with The Learning Network recently challenged their students to do just that. Here are some examples of what these teenagers chose:

Hattie D., Hewitt-Trussville High School, Trussville, Ala.

In my comfort zone: “Asian-Americans Are Scared for a Reason

Outside my comfort zone: “UConn-Baylor: Was It a Foul?

If someone were to ask me how I felt about Anti Asian-American violence, I would have a lot to say, whereas if someone asked me how I felt about the play with UConn-Baylor, I would have no idea what they were talking about and have no interest in finding out.

Which is probably why I was so shocked when the basketball article was fairly interesting to read. Sure, I didn’t quite understand all of the complex sports terminology that was strewn throughout the article, but I understood that the players were rightfully outraged by the lack of call for what seemed like an obvious foul. I don’t think I’ll ever understand how people can get so worked up over just a game, or how people can make millions of dollars for playing said game, but I know that others are passionate about it. I understand passion. It drives people to stand up for what they think is worthy of fighting for, and some may think that a foul play in basketball is what they have to stand up for.

Nora W., Central High School, La Crosse, Wis.

In my comfort zone: “Olivia Rodrigo’s ‘Drivers License’ Hit No. 1 in a Week. Here’s How

The day “Driver’s License” was released it completely blew up on TikTok, and my For You page was filled with videos of people listening and reacting to it. While I was reading the article, I knew this song was breaking records left and right, but I had no idea it had gone worldwide.

Outside my comfort zone: “Ancient Remains in Peru Reveal Young, Female Big-Game Hunter

Ever since I’ve been a kid, whenever I watched a movie or documentary about past civilizations the hunters were always depicted as male and the gatherers, female. I just really appreciate the fact there is more information to be uncovered that could prove women and men had somewhat equal roles.

Now we challenge you to do the same:

  • Go to the NYTimes.com home page, or to any of the individual sections. Or use the search bar to put in a subject you like reading about.

  • Find an article, video, image, podcast or graphic that is immediately interesting to you because it is on a topic you know or care about, or are somehow connected to already.

  • Now take a second look. Find an article, video, image, podcast or graphic that is outside your usual comfort zone, yet still seems potentially interesting.

  • Read — or watch or listen to — them both. What happened?

Students, take the challenge above, then tell us:

  • What did you find in The Times that was immediately interesting? Why? Did you find the piece worthwhile? Why or why not?

  • What did you find in The Times that was a stretch for you and outside your usual interests? What happened when you read — or watched or listened to — it? Did you find the piece worthwhile? Why or why not?

  • How did this experience mirror the way you usually choose what to read, watch or listen to? Did you enjoy being pushed to experience something different than usual? Why or why not?

  • When, outside of this challenge, can you remember reading, watching or listening to something that is different from your usual? What encouraged you to do this? What happened as a result?

If you enjoyed doing this exercise, you might also enjoy our Summer Reading Contest. For 10 weeks, from June 11 through Aug. 19, you’re invited to tell us what you’re reading in The Times and why. Learn more here.


About Student Opinion

Find all of our Student Opinion questions in this column.
Have an idea for a Student Opinion question? Tell us about it.
Learn more about how to use our free daily writing prompts for remote learning.

Students 13 and older in the United States and the United Kingdom, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public.

Updates to Master Statistics with Python: Linear regression, probability, and more

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Updates to Master Statistics with Python: Linear regression, probability, and more

Great news! We’ve updated our Master Statistics with Python Skill Path with new tracks, modules, and content.

In April, we made several changes to our Master Statistics with Python course. First, we added new tracks about linear regression and probability — two essential components of machine learning, testing, statistics, and data science.

Probability is an essential building block for many data analysis techniques and machine learning algorithms. The Master Statistics Path has always assumed some understanding of probability, but it’s now officially part of the syllabus!

Linear regression is a machine learning technique used to model quantitative outcomes. For example, we can use linear regression to understand the relationship between a person’s salary and other attributes, such as years of experience, location, gender, and ethnicity. We could also use linear regression to predict a person’s adult height based on data collected during early childhood.

We’ve also updated the path to include another new track from the Data Analyst Career Path (Visualizing Categorical Data), and integrated eight videos from our recent livestream series throughout the path.

What are the specific changes?

Each of the new tracks includes several new modules. Probability is broken down into modules about the rules of probability, probability distributions, and sampling distributions. The Linear Regression track consists of modules about simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, and choosing a linear regression model. Visualizing Categorical Data includes a module in which you’ll learn how to create bar charts and pie charts.

The eight videos added to the course were originally featured as livestreams on our YouTube channel, in which three of our Curriculum Developers — Sophie, Alex, and Jamie — walk us through:

  • Inspecting a dataset
  • Summary statistics and data viz
  • Associations between variables
  • The central limit theorem
  • Simulating a binomial test
  • Significance thresholds and multiple hypothesis tests
  • Hypothesis testing for an association
  • A/B testing

Watching the videos isn’t required to complete the course — simply opening them will mark them as complete.  Still, we highly recommend checking them out! They include live demos and additional sample code and data you can download from GitHub. They’re also a great way to engage with our community.

How does this affect you?

If you’re already enrolled in Master Statistics with Python, you’ll notice a decrease in your progress — but don’t worry. The lessons you’ve finished will remain completed.

If you’ve already completed the course, you’ll keep your certification PDF, but you’ll need to complete the new material for the updated certification to appear on your profile.

Recap

We’ve updated our Master Statistics with Python course with new lessons and modules around data visualization, linear regression, and probability. You’ll retain your certificate if you’ve already completed the course, but you may notice a decrease in your progress because of the added content.

Digest #152: Teaching How To Code

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Digest #152: Teaching How To Code

3. Learn R Resources by Carolina Kuepper-Tetzel, @pimpmymemory

This is a list I have compiled with different open educational resources to learn R. R is a programming language for statistics. You can create fantastic data visualizations with R, too, and an increasing number of psychology researchers are using R for analyzing their data.