How’s the food in your cafeteria? What do you think could make it more appealing?
Players, Fans and Credit Card
What do you think this image is communicating?
Word of the Day: recumbent
This word has appeared in six articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?
The Lawyer Who Codes: Why Kirk Sigmon chose Dartmouth Engineering

Kirk Sigmon isn’t your typical lawyer. As a partner and intellectual property attorney specializing in AI law, he constantly seeks to expand his knowledge in the rapidly evolving world of technology. But unlike many in his field, Kirk has taken a hands-on approach to truly understand the engineering behind the AI he works with every day. To do this, Kirk enrolled in the online Master’s of Engineering in Computer Engineering (MEng-CE) at Dartmouth, a program he describes as one that will, “pay off a bazillion times over” in his professional career.
A non-linear path to expertise
Kirk’s educational and career path speaks volumes to his passion for upskilling. He began with an undergraduate degree in English Literature and Japanese, followed by law school at Cornell. Early in his career, he moved to Japan, where he worked as a self-taught programmer before fully transitioning to intellectual property law.
Recognizing the limitations of his self-taught engineering knowledge, Kirk returned to school for a BS in Electrical Engineering at Arizona State University, and later earned an MBA from Temple University, all while maintaining his professional career.
“This electrical engineering degree entitled me to the patent bar,” he shares. “So I could become a patent lawyer like I am now. But as I got more senior, I realized I wanted to learn even more about AI.”
AI prevalence within law
When most people think of the legal industry, it’s not immediately apparent that AI is a major player. But in the world of IP law, Kirk is constantly working with clients who are asking him questions about data privacy ramifications and how they can protect their IP related to AI.
“My clients ask me these questions, and next thing you know, I’m looking into things like ‘How reversible is this machine learning model?’”
And while we’re not yet in the realm of AI committing crimes, Kirk is focused on exciting projects related to the AI components of things like self-driving cars or machine learning models that help to make businesses better. For these applications of his work, he was looking to take his existing engineering and self-taught programming experience a step further.
“We’re not quite at the, you know, robots are taking over the world AI situation yet, so until then, I am specializing in the actual nuts and bolts.”
Why another degree? And why Dartmouth?
Kirk discovered Dartmouth’s online Master of Engineering in Computer Engineering program while researching AI and completing courses on Coursera.
“The nature of IP law is such that we are constantly looking for ways to improve our engineering skills and improve our knowledge of what’s out there. I actually had already completed an IBM certificate on Coursera, and when I saw the Dartmouth program, I thought, ‘Oh, this is definitely something that would help me immensely.’”
The curriculum, which combines machine learning, deep learning, FPGA courses, and embedded systems, offered the exact blend of skills he needed.
“The program was comprehensive and touched on areas that were immediately useful for my work,” he says. “It was the perfect combination of AI knowledge and engineering fundamentals, and that’s really where the rubber hits the road.”
He noted that his work often brings him to rooms filled with engineering professionals, and he was eager to be as literate and capable in their fields as he could be. Knowing that Dartmouth had an excellent reputation and the online modality would fit his already busy life, the MEng was a perfect fit.
“I had heard nothing but good things, both about the school and their engineering department. Actually, one of the engineers I work with the closest is a graduate of Dartmouth Engineering. It was an easy decision.”
Applying learning in real time
Even while completing the program, Kirk is already seeing tangible benefits in his professional life. He works with autonomous vehicle companies, where his coursework in machine vision allows him to speak intelligently with engineers about cutting-edge technology.
“Most attorneys trying to present themselves as specialists in AI have never programmed anything in their life,” he says. “But having done the coding myself opens doors and gives me credibility.”
Kirk also integrates real-world legal scenarios into his coursework. One project he’s developing involves using language models to explore copyright boundaries, a proof of concept that ties directly into ongoing cases in AI law.
“The transferability of skills has been fantastic. It’s honestly all been immediately relevant to my career. I can speak more intelligently about the latest and greatest in technology, and that’s good for us, because it means that I can intelligently walk into a room full of engineers who have spent their entire lives working on this, and at least be somewhat functional.”
An engaging online experience
Despite being fully online, Dartmouth’s program provides a sense of community and engagement that Kirk finds invaluable. He highlights educators like Professor Chin (machine learning) and Professor Farnham (FPGAs and machine vision), who make significant efforts to ensure students feel connected and supported.
“The professors actually care. They know us by name, they know our work, and it feels like we’re actively part of the program,” Kirk says. “Even though the modality has changed, the experience is essentially the same.”
Kirk’s cohort is small at roughly 20 people, allowing for a more personalized and intimate experience compared to larger programs. And with hands-on courses that send kits directly to students’ doorsteps, the learning goes beyond theory to practical application.
He is excited about an upcoming visit to the campus and continues leaning into the Dartmouth community.
“As an online student, it doesn’t ever feel as if we are these, for lack of a better term, second-class citizens. We’re actively part of the program, and you can tell the professors are really passionate. And I want to be part of that, I want to genuinely engage.”
Finding a niche in his work
After an anticipated graduation in Spring 2026, Kirk will have five total degrees under his belt, an accomplishment that shows his determination and commitment to self-improvement. With the range of skillsets these credentials provide, Kirk has settled nicely into a professional niche that is serving him and his firm very well.
“Most attorneys aren’t versed in AI. Many have just read the Wikipedia summary, and they’ll go out there and hypothesize about AI taking over the world. However, many doors have been opened to me because I’ve actually done the coding, I know what I’m talking about, and I can prove it. My experience from Dartmouth is already paying dividends.”
Advice for prospective applicants
Kirk certainly doesn’t make light of the workload or difficulty of the coursework. The rigorous curriculum and prestige of the university are two things he recognizes aren’t for everyone. However, the self-pride in his progress is palpable.
“I’m very pleased by the coursework, and it’s something that I enjoy, for lack of a better term, bragging about. Because it allows me to show, like, look, ‘this is not something that I’m just doing for a feather in my hat, this is not the standard nighttime course where they give me a bunch of A’s and send me home. This is real, hard coursework.’ And I’m very proud that I’ve done very well in it.”
His advice for future Dartmouth students? Brush up on the basics.
“The best prep you can do is something Coursera already offers, which is sort of a lead-up program. The C Programming with Linux Specialization is a couple-week course where you’re getting yourself back up to speed. And the critical aspect of that is, it is a good tester to say, ‘Hey, how realistic can it be for me to sit down and spend 20-30 hours a week learning, watching videos, getting back up to speed, and still work, and have a family, and have friends.”
Lifelong learning in action
Currently based in Washington, D.C., Kirk plans to visit Dartmouth’s campus in the fall to engage further with the community and see the engineering department firsthand. But even from afar, he is already reaping the rewards of the program, applying new skills to both his legal practice and lecturing engagements around the world.
“Being able to understand AI at a technical level isn’t just interesting, it’s immediately relevant to my work and gives me authority in a space where most lawyers have none,” he says.
Kirk Sigmon’s journey is a reminder that education and expertise don’t always follow a straight line. By combining law, engineering, and AI, he has carved out a niche that allows him to influence both the technology and legal landscapes, proving that with curiosity and dedication, the boundaries between disciplines can be bridged and championed.
From Educator to Online Learner: Chuck’s Learning Journey with the Pitt MDS

For more than two decades, Charles “Chuck” Allias built his career in emergency medical services (EMS). As an educator and program director, he trained the next generation of paramedics and EMTs, designing programs that met national standards, coaching students through tough exams, and finding new ways to boost their success rates.
Data was always part of the job. Chuck would analyze test scores to predict who might excel, identify areas where students needed support, and use insights to improve outcomes. How’d he do? Quite simply, his approach worked, and he improved his program’s pass rate by 20%. Still, despite using data in practice, he had never studied it formally. His background was in health and physical education, with a master’s in exercise science.
So when Chuck enrolled in the University of Pittsburgh’s Master of Data Science (MDS) degree program, it initially felt like “learning a foreign language”. But with support and persistence, he quickly found his footing, and now, just over a year later, he’s thriving in the program and nearing graduation.
Jumping back into the classroom
“It wasn’t easy for me to jump into data science,” Chuck admits. “I’ve been on the other side of the classroom for years, so being a student again, especially in a field where I didn’t have much prior experience, was eye-opening.”
Pitt’s performance-based admissions made the transition approachable, but Chuck still had to adjust. Summer sessions were accelerated, and online learning required a different kind of discipline. “At first, not having that face-to-face interaction was daunting. But the group office hours and the support from peers really helped. The Slack community has been forgiving, collaborative, and encouraging, especially for those of us in this first online cohort.”
Balancing full-time work, family, and grad school
On top of his coursework, Chuck works full-time, is married, and has two kids, one in college and one about to graduate high school. “Juggling everything and adding school wasn’t easy,” he says. “But I have a great support system. I set aside evenings and weekends to study, and what makes it manageable is that on Coursera, you can see the curriculum a few weeks ahead. That helps me plan around work and family commitments.”
He takes six credits most semesters, but pushed to nine this fall so he can finish faster. By the end of this year, Chuck will have completed all 30 credits of the program in just over a year.
Real-world impact, right away
Even before finishing, Chuck is already applying what he’s learning. He’s built dashboards at work, used new tools to analyze student success rates, and explored how AI could shape the future of medical education.
“As an educator, you can’t stay stagnant,” Chuck explains. “If I taught the way I did 20 years ago, my students wouldn’t have what they need to succeed today. The same is true in data science; everything is a moving target. You have to constantly better yourself.”
Why Pitt’s MDS was the right fit
For Chuck, the decision came down to three things: flexibility, affordability, and reputation.
- Flexibility: Fully online, with the ability to balance courses alongside a demanding job and family life.
- Affordability: A pay-as-you-go tuition structure that made the degree accessible without a financial burden.
- Reputation: “Having a degree from Pitt carries weight,” he says. “It’s a recognized university, and that matters.”
Looking ahead
With just nine credits to go, Chuck can see the finish line. He’s excited to attend Pitt’s in-person graduation and is already considering how to leverage his degree, whether by advancing further in higher education leadership or exploring new career paths in data and analytics.
“This program has opened the door to new possibilities,” Chuck says. “I’ve always been interested in computers and data analytics, and now I have the skills to pursue those goals. With AI becoming more central to everything we do, you need to understand how it works. This degree gives me that foundation.”
His advice for future students? Stay the course. “You’re going to hit challenges, especially if you’re new to data science like I was. But it’s worth it. Be adaptable, lean on the resources Pitt provides, and trust that you can succeed, even if you’ve been out of the classroom for years.”
Whether you’re like Chuck, coming from a non-technical background, or already working with data, Pitt’s online Master of Data Science is designed to fit into your life and expand your career opportunities. Explore the full degree program today!
Why Moe Obeidat Chose Pitt’s Online Master of Data Science

Moe Obeidat knows data. Based in the Chicago area, he works as a data analyst at a Fortune 500 company, where reporting, visualization, and SQL are part of his everyday toolkit. But like many working professionals in the field, Moe was eager to take the next step: moving from analysis into advanced roles in data science and machine learning.
That’s what led him to the University of Pittsburgh’s online Master of Data Science degree program (MDS).
“I was looking online for programs that matched the hours that I could do at my own pace as a full-time employee, and I wanted a school that was well known,” Moe shared. “Pitt is an R1 school. The program aligned well with my experience and with what I was hoping to learn and get out of it.”
From theory to real-world application
With an economics background and prior coursework in math, statistics, and econometrics, Moe found the MDS curriculum both familiar and refreshingly applicable.
“In undergrad, you study a lot of theory. What I appreciate about this program is that you go deeper into how you apply it using new methods. The projects are industry-related, which makes it feel immediately relevant.”
His first course was through the performance-based admissions (PBA) pathway. “PBA was very interesting. From my experience so far in the program, it’s one of the hardest classes. But I understand why. It pulls all the theory into one course. It’s challenging, but it sets you up for success.”
Courses that sparked growth at work
When considering the program, certain classes stood out for Moe, not just for their academic challenge but for their direct impact on his job.
- The Art of Data Visualization: “In my daily work I’ve been creating a lot of reporting, so that course really helped me. I learned new techniques and methods that I now use both on the job and in future projects.”
- LLM (Large Language Models) and Their Applications: “It’s basically like learning AI. How AI tools are made and how they work. I’d been looking forward to this course since I enrolled, and I just started it recently. It’s exciting because it connects directly to the kind of machine learning work I want to do in my career.”
For Moe, the MDS has become more than a degree. It’s a bridge toward his next career move. “I’m hoping to break into roles more aligned with becoming a full data scientist or machine learning engineer. That’s part of why I chose this program.”
Flexibility that fits a busy life
Moe’s balancing act is no small feat: he works full-time and is completing the MDS full-time as well. He credits the online modality and support structure for making it possible.
“It takes a lot of tools to balance! I usually dedicate weekends to coursework. Coursera’s platform has also been very helpful to help me structure due dates and coursework.”
Live office hours and professor accessibility also stood out: “Professors and TAs run office hours, and you can meet with and email them directly. That flexibility is really helpful and appreciated since I know they are teaching classes in person as well.”
And the application process itself was refreshingly straightforward. “Almost every school out there required GREs, high GPAs, and a more intense application. With Pitt, I completed the PBA course, achieved the grade, verified my degree, and I was in. It was a smooth experience.”
Looking ahead: “The future is data”
Moe has already seen the benefits of his coursework in his current role, and he’s confident it will open doors to the next phase of his career. He also sees the MDS as a program accessible to learners from a variety of backgrounds, not just those already working in data.
As Moe put it:
“You can succeed in the program even without a background in tech or experience in data. I encourage everyone to explore that. The future is data, AI, and machine learning. It’s going to be here for a while; it’s not going anywhere. If you jump now, and you get this experience and learning, and you can apply it in your current role or future role, it’ll be very helpful. Not to mention a degree from Pitt is going to look great on your CV.”
Interested in joining learners like Moe who are leveling up their careers with a data science degree? Explore the MDS program here.
Commonality in Learning Systems – Functionality
I never thought about it before. I see it all the time—and I suspect you do, too.
You take it for granted. Why would a restaurant, or at a “Farmers Market, ” or even a franchise misstate, okay, lie, about it?
Farm to Table.
I admit, upon reading the first article, I read the others.
Yes, it was from Tampa, and yes, it is from 2016; however, there is no doubt, at least in my mind, that it exists in your location or any place you visit that mentions “farm to table.”
Or, in the case of the “farmers market” from my farm (not mine, as I do not have one), it isn’t always the case.
The question then is, what will you or I do about it?
Will we ask to speak to the head of the restaurant, or in many cases, it is the manager who is there, to find out? I doubt the server will know.
Will we think about it? Will we forget until after we get home and then say, “Hmm, I should have asked..”
I bring all of this up because we often have questions when looking at buying any learning technology (Learning Systems, AI tools, e-learning tools, VR/AR, content creators, etc.) and even 3rd party content, whether you are hiring someone to build it for you, or you are purchasing it.
The Common with Learning Systems (LMS, Learning Platform, Talent Development, Combos)
It is very common for people looking to buy any learning technology (I now place learning systems under this overall umbrella term) or content to ask the typical questions that many people ask.
Many go so vague or ambiguous that every system has it, but the prospect isn’t aware, so they push out the common and then expect people to retort as though it is uncommon.
The List of Common Questions – If you are asking these, I can tell you that every system offers it
Can accept videos – i.e., upload them to be used in their system
- Modern UI/UX that is easy to use – Every vendor will claim they have this, even though I see many that do not, unless you believe that Microsoft should have never discontinued Windows 2000.
- Has a catalog
- Assign users to _____
- Can you take quizzes or assessments, or can you do so
- Self-registration, forget password, custom domain (this gets a bit tricky, I’ll explain shortly), ability to schedule webinars/seminars – for webinars, you can connect to X web conferencing, or the vendor says that you can do webinars or talk to folks via a webcam.
- Some level of skills management – skill capabilities; ditto for the calendar – widespread here, scheduling sessions – common,
- Customer Training – Can skin and add your logo – and can skin (i.e., change the colors) and add a logo to any additional tenant that the system has – think child or sub-portal
- Can skin and add logo – any system that exists out there
- Provides outstanding support – They all claim to do so. Take it for what it’s worth.
- Offers integrations – most common are HCMs
- Mobile Responsive – This doesn’t mean they have a mobile app.
- It can be seen on a mobile device – think access via the browser.
- Micro-Learning – They can all do it – micro- only means short. Oh, and vendors were able to do this in 2000; it’s not a new concept.
- Certificates – Most have templates, the ability to edit the certificate, a certificate can be e-mailed to the learner, a certificate can be provided upon completion of content/course/path, and so forth
- The system offers assigned learning – with a lot of things you can do, from assigning learners to a specific course or courses they have to complete to locking down a course, so they have to go step by step before moving on to a learning path
- Support for the hierarchy at the enterprise, business unit, or other desired levels
- Repeatable creation of events based on a standard course template (e.g., number of days, min/max seats, title, description)
- Has LXP capabilities
- Create workflows
- Compliance – Audit trail is quite common
Administration Common items – I very rarely see a vendor saying they do not have this – but there is one that isn’t common (you won’t see it below, but will shortly)
- Administrators can set multiple levels of approval (e.g., no approval needed, supervisor approval, instructor approval, etc.)
- Administrators can create a learning path, journey, or curriculum path.
- Administrators can add content/courses to the system and add or remove it from a curriculum/learning path
- Assign and enforce access based on user profile
- Assign content/path based on skills, ditto for a job role
- Administrators can limit access to catalog items based on skill profile or skill proficiency
- Administrators can create skills – needed, requested, and assigned to learners, learners, or in general in the system
- Administrators can compare learner to learner based on skill(s) tied to a role
- Capture multiple user attributes (e.g., Organization, Department, Manager, Job role, etc.)
- Create user groups based on defined attributes (e.g., organization, department, country, etc.).
- Control profile settings by field (e.g., allow learners to change e-mail addresses but not change user name)
- The administrator can limit access to catalog items based on user profiles (e.g., job role, location, customer, partner, etc.).
- Allow administrators to create and assign system roles
- Administrators can create job roles and job titles, edit and delete
- Administrators can view reports can schedule to go to X, Y, and Z
- Administrator home page
- Allow administrators to track attendance status (e.g., no show, canceled, attended) of all types of training (e.g., instructor-led, online, virtual)
If the system offers or has a manager’s section
- Manager see their team in a manager dashboard or view
- Managers can assign training to teams and/or individuals
- Managers can update on the job training, mark training complete
- Managers can approve learner requests or deny it
- Manager can add/reject/update/approve learners/users
- Managers can compare learner to learner (within their team) on a variety of items, including skills
- If skills are involved – Managers can review skill ratings and offer what they see as the appropriate rating
- If skills are involved – The manager can assign skills or recommend skills the learner needs or, ideally, needs
- Managers can receive reports (if the administrator approves them)
If the system offers an Instructor area
- Instructors have access to course enrollment information
- Instructors can push surveys/assessments during active class or post-class
- Instructors can update rosters
- Allow instructors ability to print rosters, send e-mails to participants, and update course attendance post-class
Reporting
- Offers reports – and provides data, including what content X took, what they completed, and other learner data
- Reports provide overall information by group, department, etc., and individual
- Ad-hoc
Learner Environment
Think the learner side – Now, whether it is excellent or not, is another story – think of a chapter in the life of learning
- Search functionality allows learners to find specific courses, materials, and delivery formats based on keywords, titles, delivery formats, and other tagged identifiers (Some systems limit what can be generated, so think of this more as a search capability)
- Courses have standard attributes regardless of delivery mechanism, including title and description.
- If the system offers “opportunities” – it is viewable on the learner side with additional information and specifics – the learner can apply. Opportunity will list requirements – this won’t stop someone from applying anyway.
- Learners can enroll in or request enrollment for a course, content, group, etc.
- Learners can view the entire catalog and select their courses
- Learners can be assigned courses/content, learning paths
- Learners can view documents and download them (Common is PDF)
- The learner can see their status, i.e., a progress bar, percentage of completion, or whatever format the vendor has presented it in – some do use colors and expect the learner to know what they mean.
- Learners can be assigned materials, videos, etc.
Skills
I will note that if you are buying a system specifically focused on customer training, as in 95% or higher of their clients are using the system for customer/client/partner/distributor training, etc. – they will not match the skill capabilities of a system that is only dedicated to skills OR a system that is combo – i.e., customer and employee, or employee only – think a talent development system.
Equally how good it is, or robust for these items is debatable – a lot stink at it, or uh, not good – but hey, someone loves them – and that is all that matters – I bet they love candy corn too.
The List of Skills
- Create catalogs of content only for job roles tied to skills
- Curriculum can be set by skills, interests, job roles matched to skill or skills
- Catalog Search by content related to a specific set of skills/interests (Example: Leadership)
- Recommends courses/content based on job role, skills
- Skill gap analysis
- Skills tied to opportunities (openings or, for example, specific limited opportunities such as a project manager for an upcoming project) in the company/organization – This applies only if the system offers opportunities within their platform
- Analytics directly tied to career development and acquisition of skills for specific job roles
- Identify by each learner the skills assigned to them AND the skill(s) they selected
- Skill Ratings – I can tell you the majority lack one key capability, okay two (specifically what each rating means, and what are the base requirements for that skill – i.e., skill three means you have achieved a level of blah, can do blah blah, blah; and have done blah blah) – I mean what does a two mean without such information? Think this way – I am training you at an ice cream store. What does one mean? At two, you should know how to scoop ice cream and talk to a human across the other side of the counter.
I won’t dive into security, but there are common questions folks ask, and the vendor can do or does; nor will I cover mentoring or cohorts, which will be noted on my newest template. Additionally, mentoring, including coaching, is new to many systems. Some claim that they do, but they do not.
I left out AI – because it is new, and so assumptions that all systems have X or even 10% have X are erroneous.
The most common one I hear is the ability to create content or courses using AI.
The reality here is that if a vendor has jumped into AI, they will likely focus on the low-hanging fruit areas of content and course builder in the system, creating quizzes and assessments.
For whatever reason, nobody seems to ask about token fees – or whether the AI authoring tool or capability, if offered by the system, is included or not, i.e., whether an additional fee applies.
Nor what LLM they are using. An important question to ask. Most use Open AI.
I omitted the common questions about the system’s cost, use case, and so on.
Lastly, I avoided commonalities in a couple of other areas simply because it is easy for a vendor to say, ‘We have it,’ and this is often achieved by them implementing a workaround to achieve the desired results.
Bottom Line
Speaking of workarounds to give the impression that the system has this capability, do you assume that the salesperson is familiar with the entire system?
What about they know what is in the works and can provide such information to you?
Even if you are talking to the head of sales?
Do you believe everything that comes out of the salesperson’s mouth? Because they are the authority here, and thus, if they say it is true, it must be.
Do you ask for specific information only to receive an SLA that is presented as providing such details?
If the salesperson and you are not meshing, do you deal with it, grumbling under your breath?
All of these are the farm-to-table experience.
Just without the vegetables and meat.
Oh, and
the
Farm.
E-Learning 24/7
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