fbpx
Home Blog Page 841

What’s Going On in This Graph? | Feb. 28, 2024

0
What’s Going On in This Graph? | Feb. 28, 2024

On Wednesday, Feb. 28, teachers from our collaborator, the American Statistical Association, will facilitate this discussion from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Eastern time.

5. By Friday morning, March 1, we will reveal more information about the graph, including a free link to the article that includes this graph, at the bottom of this post. We encourage you to post additional comments based on the article, possibly using statistical terms defined in the Stat Nuggets.

We’ll post more information here on the afternoon of Thursday, Feb. 29. Stay tuned!


More?

• See all graphs in this series or collections of 75 of our favorite graphs, 28 graphs that teach about inequality and 24 graphs about climate change.

• View our archives that link to all past releases, organized by topic, graph type and Stat Nugget.

• Learn more about the notice and wonder teaching strategy from this 5-minute video and how and why other teachers are using this strategy from our on-demand webinar.

• Sign up for our free weekly Learning Network newsletter so you never miss a graph. Graphs are always released by the Friday before the Wednesday live moderation to give teachers time to plan ahead.

• Go to the American Statistical Association K-12 website, which includes teacher statistics resources, Census in the Schools student-generated data, professional development opportunities, and more.

Students 13 and older in the United States and the Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public.

GUEST POST: The Benefits and Risks of ChatGPT for Education

0
GUEST POST: The Benefits and Risks of ChatGPT for Education

References:

(1) Council of the European Union, Analysis and Research Team. ChatGPT in the Public Sector – overhyped or overlooked? (2023). In Council of the European Union. Retrieved October 5, 2023, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/63818/art-paper-chatgpt-in-the-public-sector-overhyped-or-overlooked-24-april-2023_ext.pdf 

(2) Deng, J., & Lin, Y. (2023). The Benefits and Challenges of ChatGPT: An Overview. Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems, 2(2), 81–83. https://doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v2i2.4465 

(3) Tate, T., Doroudi, S., Ritchie, D., Xu, Y., & Warschauer, M. (2023). Educational Research and AI-Generated Writing: Confronting the Coming Tsunami. EdarXiv Preprints. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/4mec3 

(4) Williams, C. (2023). Hype, or the future of learning and teaching? 3 Limits to AI’s ability to write student essays  – Kent Academic Repository. The London School of Economics and Political Sciences internet blog. Retrieved October 9, 2023, from https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/99505 

(5) Forman, N., Udvaros, J., & Avornicului, M. S. (2023). ChatGPT: A new study tool shaping the future for high school students. International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches, 7(4), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.562 

(6) Baidoo-Anu, D., & Ansah, L. O. (2023). Education in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4337484 

(7) Sullivan, M., Kelly, A., & McLaughlan, P. (2023). ChatGPT in higher education: Considerations for academic integrity and student learning. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.17 

(8) Elsen-Rooney, M. (2023, January 3). NYC education department blocks ChatGPT on school devices, networks. Chalkbeat New York. Retrieved October 11, 2023, from https://ny.chalkbeat.org/2023/1/3/23537987/nyc-schools-ban-chatgpt-writing-artificial-intelligence 

(9) Opara, E., Theresa, A., & Aduke, T. C. (2023). ChatGPT for Teaching, Learning and Research: Prospects and Challenges. Glob Acad J Humanit Soc Sci, 5(2), 33–40. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4375470 

(10) Kasneci, E., Seßler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G., Michaeli, T., & Nerdel, C. (2023). ChatGPT for Good? On Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models for Education. EdArXiv Preprints. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/5er8f 

(11) Liang, G., On, B., Jeong, D., Kim, H., & Choi, G. S. (2018). Automated essay scoring: A Siamese bidirectional LSTM neural network architecture. Symmetry, 10(12), 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10120682 

(12) Lu, C., & Cutumisu, M. (2021). Integrating Deep Learning into An Automated Feedback Generation System for Automated Essay Scoring. International Educational Data Mining Society. Retrieved October 15, 2023, from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED615567.pdf 

(13) Zhai, X. (2023). ChatGPT for next generation Science Learning. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4331313 

(14) Cai, W., Grossman, J., Lin, Z., Sheng, H., Wei, J. T., Williams, J. J., & Goel, S. (2021). Bandit algorithms to personalize educational chatbots. Machine Learning, 110(9), 2389–2418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-021-05983-y 

(15) Mhlanga, D. (2023). Open AI in Education, The responsible and ethical use of ChaTGPT towards lifelong Learning. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4354422 

(16) Qadir, J. (2022). Engineering Education in the Era of ChatGPT: Promise and Pitfalls of Generative AI for Education. TechRxiv. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.21789434.v1 

(17) Atlas, S. (2023). ChatGPT for Higher Education and Professional Development: A Guide to Conversational AI. Digital Commons, University of Rhode Islans. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1547&context=cba_facpubs 

(18) Herft Educator. (2023). A Teacher’s Prompt Guide to ChatGPT aligned with “What Works Best” Guide. User Generated Education. https://usergeneratededucation.files.wordpress.com/2023/01/a-teachers-prompt-guide-to-chatgpt-aligned-with-what-works-best.pdf 

(19) Rudolph, T., Tan, S., & Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education? Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9 

(20) Kleebayoon, A., & Wiwanitkit, V. (2023). Artificial intelligence, chatbots, plagiarism and basic honesty: comment. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, 16(2), 173–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-023-00759-x 

(21) Thurzo, A., Strunga, M., Urban, R., Surovková, J., & Afrashtehfar, K. I. (2023). Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Dental Education: A Review and Guide for curriculum update. Education Sciences, 13(2), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020150 

(22) Khalil, M., & Er, E. (2023). Will ChatGPT get you caught? Rethinking of Plagiarism Detection. arXiv (Cornell University). https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2302.04335 

(23) Basic, Z., Banovac, A., Kruzic, I., & Jerkovic, I. (2023). Better by you, better than me, ChatGPT-3.5 as writing assistance in students’ essays. arXiv, 2. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2302.04536 

(24) Grassini, S. (2023). Shaping the Future of Education: Exploring the potential and consequences of AI and ChatGPT in educational settings. Education Sciences, 13(7), 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13070692 

(25) Sok, S., & Heng, K. (2023). ChaTGPT for Education and Research: A Review of Benefits and Risks. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4378735 

(26) Rahimi, F., & Abadi, A. T. B. (2023). ChatGPT and publication ethics. Archives of Medical Research, 54(3), 272–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.03.004 

(27) Sallam, M. (2023). ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the promising perspectives and valid concerns. Healthcare, 11(6), 887. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060887 

(28) Mbakwe, A. B., Lourentzou, I., Celi, L. A., Mechanic, O. J., & Dagan, A. (2023). ChatGPT passing USMLE shines a spotlight on the flaws of medical education. PLOS Digital Health, 2(2), e0000205. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000205 

(29) Lucy, L., & Bamman, D. (2021). Gender and Representation Bias in GPT-3 Generated Stories. Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Narrative Understanding, 48–55. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.nuse-1.5 

(30) Gordijn, B., & Have, H. T. (2023). ChatGPT: evolution or revolution? Medicine Health Care and Philosophy, 26(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-023-10136-0 

(31) Hassani, H., & Silva, E. S. (2023). The role of ChatGPT in Data Science: How AI-Assisted conversational Interfaces are revolutionizing the field. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 7(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7020062 

(32) Lo, C. K. (2023). What is the impact of CHATGPT on education? A rapid review of the literature. Education Sciences, 13(4), 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040410 

(33) Cotton, D., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148 

(34) Huang, Y. (2023). Reflection on whether Chat GPT should be banned by academia from the perspective of education and teaching. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1181712

How Does Your School Address Students’ Mental Health Needs?

0
How Does Your School Address Students’ Mental Health Needs?

During this school year or any point in your school career, have you had classes or special programs that have taught you how to deal with emotions, manage stress, know when to seek help from an adult and recognize when a friend is struggling?

At your school, have any students formed groups or clubs intended to boost happiness, ease stress, encourage wellness or offer help with mental health issues? Would you be interested in joining such a program?

In “When the Biggest Student Mental Health Advocates Are the Students,” Jennifer Miller writes about student-led initiatives that have popped up in some schools. The article begins:

Last October, to commemorate Mental Health Awareness Week, a group of students at Sacopee Valley High School in Hiram, Maine, created the annual Hope Board. Shaped like an enormous tulip and displayed in the lobby, the board was covered with anonymous teenage aspirations. Some students hoped to pass driver’s education or have a successful playoff season. Others expressed more complicated desires. “To be more happy than angry,” wrote one student. Another wrote, “I hope people are kinder and more mature.”

Camryn Baron, 17, created the board as a founder of Sacopee’s Yellow Tulip Team, a student group devoted to mental health. “It’s an outlet for some kids to be able to outwardly express and vocalize something that’s bothering them,” she said.

Ms. Baron has struggled with an eating disorder, anxiety and depression; she is bisexual and has not always felt supported. “The things that a lot of us dismiss or struggle with here — to be able to share them with other people is validating,” she said.

Sacopee’s Yellow Tulip Team is one of roughly 150 such clubs supported by the Yellow Tulip Project, a mental health education and advocacy nonprofit. Co-founded in 2016 by Julia Hansen, a high schooler in Maine who had lost her two best friends to suicide, the nonprofit works to destigmatize mental illness and help students prioritize their emotional well-being.

At Sacopee Valley, the club plays upbeat music to welcome students each Monday and shares mental health information through morning announcements. Each fall, it plants a Hope Garden — 500 tulip bulbs this year — and will celebrate the flowers’ resilience in the spring with a youth wellness day of workshops and activities. At the group’s regular meetings, students might discuss stress reduction strategies, as well as the homophobia, socio-economic inequality and various stigma that many teenagers experience in their conservative-leaning, rural community.

In recent years, nonprofits that support school-based mental health clubs have found their programs in demand. The increase is the result of two phenomena: the rising number of adolescents struggling with mental health and the dearth of resources to help them. As schools search for solutions, often it’s the students who are leading the effort.

“When we think about mental health, it’s not just about crisis intervention,” said Lisa Padilla, senior behavioral and social scientist at the RAND Corporation, who has studied mental health clubs. “The peer-based organizations are creating an environment in the school that says, ‘We value your well-being, and we know that’s part of who you are as a whole person.’ That message goes a long way to make students feel safe and empowered to speak up about their own needs.”

Students, read the entire article and then tell us:

  • Before reading the article, had you heard of the Yellow Tulip Project? Does your school have a Yellow Tulip Team or something similar that is run by students who offer support to their peers? If so, what does the group do?

  • Do you feel that your school has adequate resources for students who are struggling with their mental health? Are there groups, safe spaces or adults, such as counselors, available to help?

  • The article discusses efforts to destigmatize mental health issues, or to make people feel more comfortable talking about their struggles. Do you still see a stigma associated with mental health and with getting help for it? Which of the efforts mentioned in the article do you think would be most helpful in reducing discomfort around these issues? Why?

  • The article quotes a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study that found that, in 2021, 44 percent of high school students claimed they “persistently felt sad or hopeless,” up 7.3 percent from a study conducted in 2019. Do these statistics reflect your own observations? Do you think that your peers struggle more now than they did before the Covid-19 pandemic?

  • If you were asked to contribute ideas to what schools could do, or do differently, to help foster mental well-being, what would you suggest? Why?

  • Finally, now that you’ve read about the shortage of mental health resources for students, are you interested in pursuing a career in a related field, such as a school psychologist or a counselor? What qualities do you think a person who works with young people in this capacity should have?


Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public and may appear in print.

Find more Student Opinion questions here. Teachers, check out this guide to learn how you can incorporate these prompts into your classroom.

Celebrity Feuds

0
Celebrity Feuds

Did you know that Megan Thee Stallion and Nicki Minaj are in a feud? The two rappers recently ratcheted up hostilities with a pair of blustery, acid-dipped singles, each aiming to hit the other where it hurts.

Have you been paying attention to this “hip-hop beef du jour,” as The Times called it? What do you think?

In general, how much attention do you pay to feuds between the famous? Why do you find yourself caring? Why do you think they blow up on social media and capture so much interest?

Tell us in the comments, then read the related article to learn more.


Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public and may appear in print.

Find more Picture Prompts here.

Word of the Day: frenetic

0
Word of the Day: frenetic

The word frenetic has appeared in 155 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on Dec. 31 in the Opinion essay “I Was Transformed by the Best Cult Ever: Michigan Football” by Jaime Lowe:

I was still skeptical when I entered the Big House, but it was stunning. Something — some kind of mystical energy that can come only from 110,000 people chanting in unison — washed over me. I stood on the bleachers and yelled and cheered and mumbled the fight song (I didn’t know the words yet). I worried that the students pounding Fireballs would tip over and turn into human dominoes.

… Football wasn’t an immediate salve. I was still feeling lost and displaced and confused ahead of the third home game. I knew that I needed to get out of the house, and so I walked to the game. From blocks away, I could hear the fans screaming and feel the earth move.

I entered the Big House again and again, for the rest of the season. For seven home games, I understood more about why I gravitated to the stadium. Something clicked. My mood, upon entering, changed immediately. I was swept up in frenetic joy. It was as if we, the fans, were a superorganism.

Can you correctly use the word frenetic in a sentence?

Based on the definition and example provided, write a sentence using today’s Word of the Day and share it as a comment on this article. It is most important that your sentence makes sense and demonstrates that you understand the word’s definition, but we also encourage you to be creative and have fun.

If you want a better idea of how frenetic can be used in a sentence, read these usage examples on Vocabulary.com. You can also visit this guide to learn how to use IPA symbols to show how different words are pronounced.

If you enjoy this daily challenge, try our vocabulary quizzes.


Students ages 13 and older in the United States and the United Kingdom, and 16 and older elsewhere, can comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff.

The Word of the Day is provided by Vocabulary.com. Learn more and see usage examples across a range of subjects in the Vocabulary.com Dictionary. See every Word of the Day in this column.

Creating Photo Essays About Community: A Guide to Our Where We Are Contest

0
Creating Photo Essays About Community: A Guide to Our Where We Are Contest

But you can use the first few paragraphs of each essay — what appears before the first photos — as mentor texts for your own introductions, and we’ll show you how, below.

First though, let’s remember your broader goals. As we wrote at the top of this post, together, your introduction, photo essay and captions should answer these questions:

  • What is this community?

  • Who is in it?

  • Where and when does it meet?

  • How did the community come to be? How does it operate?

  • Why does it matter to its participants? Why should it matter to viewers?

Take a look at “In This Nigerian Market, Young Women Find a Place of Their Own” as an example. Here is the introduction, the first 200 or so words before the photo essay begins to scroll:

At the bustling Yaba Market in Lagos, Nigeria, there is something for everyone.

Chatter rises from the traders, whose stalls sprawl over miles of cracked gray concrete and packed earth. They might be selling baskets of fresh fruit, wheelbarrows stuffed with phone cases, piles of sequined fabrics or racks of second-hand clothes.

If you’re lucky, you might find a vintage jacket you’ve been searching for, or a pair of long-lasting Levi’s jeans. But you’re never going to be as lucky as Dencity: the coolest of the cool kids of Lagos. These skaters, often clad in a uniform of baggy pants and crop tops, head to the market to go thrifting each week. They’re armed with fashion knowledge only the young, fun and determined can possess and seek out the best streetwear they can find.

Founded by 26-year-old Blessing Ewona in 2020 in response to the dearth of spaces for young queer people and female skaters in Nigeria, Dencity skate, dream and thrift together. From their trips to the market to regular skate meet-ups at the dilapidated National Stadium or Tarkwa Bay beach, they have traced their own map of the city.

How many of the questions we listed above do these paragraphs answer? How do they work with the top image, which we’ve embedded above this section? What descriptions stand out? What context and background does it provide?

Now let’s break your task down.

Much of the writing in these essays is just as interesting as the photos, as the example above shows. Here is another, the opening of “At This Wrestling Academy, Indian Girls Are ‘Set Free’”:

As the winter sun ascends over a mustard farm, pale orange bleeding into sharp yellow, a line of 36 girls all dressed alike — T-shirts, track pants, crew cuts — emerges into an open field, rubbing sleep from their eyes. Under a tin shed, they sit on their haunches, bent over stone mortars. For the next 20 minutes, they crush raw almonds into a fine paste, straining out a bottle of nut milk. They will need it to regain their strength.

And here is how “On a Caribbean Island, Young People Find Freedom in ‘Bike Life’” begins:

On a warm evening in October 2021, Enzo Crispin mounted his cobalt motorcycle and set off into the night. Hundreds of others joined his caravan, the rumbles of their engines filling the air of Fort-de-France, the capital of the French Caribbean island territory of Martinique. The riders popped up on one wheel, stood up on their bikes, brushed their hands along the ground — all while zooming along at top speed.

Completely exhilarating. Potentially illegal, at least on public streets. This is “cabrage,” which roughly translates from French as a rodeo on wheels.

How do these introductions both “zoom out” and “zoom in”? How do they play on your senses, helping you see, hear, taste, touch and smell this place and what happens in it? How could you do those things in your introduction?

What Communities Are You a Part Of? What Communities Would You Like to Explore?

0
What Communities Are You a Part Of? What Communities Would You Like to Explore?

Choose one or more photo essays from the series, scroll through and then answer any of the questions below that you like.

1. The Magic of Your First Car
2. At This Mexican Restaurant, Everyone Is Family
3. Where the Band Kids Are
4. In This Nigerian Market, Young Women Find a Place of Their Own
5. At Camp Naru, Nobody Is ‘an Outlier’
6. For Black Debutantes in Detroit, Cotillion Is More Than a Ball
7. At This Wrestling Academy, Indian Girls Are ‘Set Free’
8. In Seville, Spain, These Young Rappers Come Together to Turn ‘Tears Into Rhymes’
9. For a Queer Community in Los Angeles, This Public Park Is a Lifeline
10. In Guatemala, A Collective of Young Artists Finds Family Through Film
11. On a Caribbean Island, Young People Find Freedom in ‘Bike Life’
12. At This Texas Campus Ministry, ‘Inclusive Love’ Is the Mission
13. For Young Arab Americans in Michigan, the Hookah Lounge Feels like Home

Students, first react to the photo essays:

  • Which of the “Where We Are” pieces stood out to you? What about them grabbed your attention?

  • Which of these communities could you most relate to? How do they connect to your life and experiences?

  • Which of them introduced you to something new? What did you learn?

Next, reflect on the role of community in your life:

  • What communities are you a part of? Which of them are most meaningful?

  • Choose one community to focus on. How does it affect your understanding of who you are? How does it support you?

  • Both the “Where We Are” series and our contest focus on offline communities grounded in specific places. Are online and offline communities different? Do you prefer one over the other? Is one better, in your opinion?

  • What communities have you been a part of in the past that have helped shape who you are today? For example, in “Where the Band Kids Are,” Ashley Markle chose to photograph the marching band at Ravenna High School because she was once a member. Is there a community you remember fondly?

Then, brainstorm some interesting local communities that you are NOT a part of:

  • What comes to mind right away when we ask about communities in your area that you are not a part of, but that you might be curious about? (Keep in mind that the people in them don’t have to be teenagers — it could be your grandma’s Mah Jong group, your little brother’s Boy Scout troop or that adult cricket team you see playing every Saturday morning.)

Using the “Where We Are” series as inspiration, consider:

  • Who gathers in your local parks?

  • What businesses — whether restaurants, cafes, gyms, salons, stores, museums or libraries — are popular in your area? Do groups meet regularly in any of those places?

  • What are the different communities that make up your school? Think about clubs and sports, about the various physical places where people gather, and about groups that meet before, during and after the school day. Consider, too, groups whose members are both older and younger than you. Which of them especially interest you? Why?

  • What religious or spiritual groups are in your local area? How do they create a feeling of belonging for their members?

  • What cultural, racial or ethnic identity communities — like the summer camp for Korean American youth or the debutante balls for young Black men and women in Detroit — are a part of your neighborhood or school?

  • What local work-related communities are you aware of, whether the work is paid or volunteer? For instance, at a hospital you might find many communities, whether emergency room nurses or volunteers who bring animals to visit sick children.

  • Are you aware of any hobbyist groups who meet in person nearby? Whether it’s Dungeons and Dragons players, bird-watchers, knitters, skateboarders, dancers or muralists, these kinds of groups might be invisible to you until you look for them.

  • What local or national political candidates, parties or interest groups have an office or a meeting spot near you? Who is a part of those communities?

  • What fan communities do you know about, whether they follow a sports team or a local musician?

  • Are there odd or overlooked places in your neighborhood that have become gathering places? For instance, some communities have a “swap shack” at the local dump where people meet to give and get items for free. In other communities, a parking lot becomes a hangout on warm nights.

Finally, choose a group you are not a part of, and answer these questions:

If these questions got you excited, consider entering our contest, which is open through March 20. Our forthcoming how-to guide can help you take your answers to these questions and create a photo essay. Learn more here.


Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public and may appear in print.

Find more Student Opinion questions here. Teachers, check out this guide to learn how you can incorporate these prompts into your classroom.

‘Where We Are’: A Photo Essay Contest for Exploring Community

0
‘Where We Are’: A Photo Essay Contest for Exploring Community

The Covid-19 pandemic closed schools and canceled dances. It emptied basketball courts, theaters, recreation centers and restaurants. It sent clubs, scout troops and other groups online.

Now, many people have ventured back out into physical spaces to gather with one another once again. What does in-person “community” look like today? And what are the different ways people are creating it?

In this new contest, inspired by “Where We Are” — an immersive visual project from The New York Times that explores the various places around the world where young people come together — we’re inviting teenagers to create their own photo essays to document the local, offline communities that interest them.

Take a look at the full guidelines and related resources below to see if this is right for your students. We have also posted a student forum, and a step-by-step lesson plan is coming soon. Please ask any questions you have in the comments and we’ll answer you there, or write to us at LNFeedback@nytimes.com.

Using The Times’s Where We Are series as a guide, create a photo essay that documents an interesting local, offline community. Whether your grandmother’s Mah Jong club, the preteens who hang out at a nearby basketball court, or the intergenerational volunteers who walk the dogs for your neighborhood animal shelter, this community can feature people of any age, as long as it gathers in person.

We encourage you to choose a community you are not a part of for reasons we explain below, in the F.A.Q.

Whichever community you choose, however, it’ll be your job to interview and photograph them. Then, you’ll pull everything together in a visual essay, which will tell the group’s story via a short introduction and a series of captioned photographs.

Your photo essay MUST include:

  • Between six and eight images, uploaded in the order in which you’d like us to view them.

  • A short caption of no more than 50 words for each image that helps explain what it shows and why it is important to the story.

  • A short introduction of up to 300 words that offers important background or context that complements and adds to the information in the photos and captions. You might consider the introduction the beginning of your essay, which the photos and captions will then continue. Together they will answer questions like who this community is, how it came to be, and why it matters. (Our forthcoming How To guide will offer more detail about this.)

  • At least one quote — embedded in either the introduction or one of the captions — from a member of the community about what makes it meaningful.


In addition to the guidelines above, here are a few more details:

  • You must be a student ages 13 to 19 in middle school or high school to participate, and all students must have parent or guardian permission to enter. Please see the F.A.Q. section for additional eligibility details.

  • The photographs and writing you submit should be fundamentally your own — they should not be plagiarized, created by someone else or generated by artificial intelligence.

  • Your photo essay should be original for this contest. That means it should not already have been published at the time of submission, whether in a school newspaper, for another contest or anywhere else.

  • Keep in mind that the work you send in should be appropriate for a Times audience — that is, something that could be published in a family newspaper (so, please, no curse words).

  • You may work alone, in pairs, or in groups of up to four for this challenge, but students should submit only one entry each.

  • Remember to get permission from those you photograph, and to collect their contact information. Learn more about this in the F.A.Q. below.

  • You must also submit a short, informal “artist’s statement” as part of your submission, that describes your process. These statements, which will not be used to choose finalists, help us to design and refine our contests. See the F.A.Q. to learn more.

  • All entries must be submitted by March 20, at 11:59 p.m. Pacific time using the electronic form below.


Use these resources to help you create your photo essay:

  • Coming soon! A step-by-step guide that uses examples from the Where We Are series to walk students through creating their own.

  • Free links to the “Where We Are” Collection:

1. The Magic of Your First Car
2. At This Mexican Restaurant, Everyone is Family
3. Where the Band Kids Are
4. In This Nigerian Market, Young Women Find a Place of Their Own
5. At Camp Naru, Nobody Is ‘an Outlier’
6. For Black Debutantes in Detroit, Cotillion Is More Than a Ball
7. At This Wrestling Academy, Indian Girls Are ‘Set Free’
8. In Seville, Spain, These Young Rappers Come Together to Turn ‘Tears Into Rhymes’
9. For a Queer Community in Los Angeles, This Public Park Is a Lifeline
10. In Guatemala, A Collective of Young Artists Finds Family Through Film
11. On a Caribbean Island, Young People Find Freedom in ‘Bike Life’
12. At This Texas Campus Ministry, ‘Inclusive Love’ Is the Mission
13. For Young Arab Americans in Michigan, the Hookah Lounge Feels like Home

  • An activity sheet for understanding and analyzing the Where We Are series.

  • Lessons on interviewing and taking photographs. While these two resources were originally created for our 2022 Profile Contest, each contains scores of tips from educators and Times journalists that can help students learn to interview, and to take and select compelling photographs that tell a story.


Below are answers to your questions about writing, judging, the rules and teaching with this contest. Please read these thoroughly and, if you still can’t find what you’re looking for, post your query in the comments or write to us at LNFeedback@nytimes.com.

QUESTIONS ABOUT CREATING YOUR PHOTO ESSAY

What is a photo essay? How does it differ from just a series of photos?

A photo essay tells a story through a series of images. These images work together and build on each other to explore a theme of some kind. The photo essays in the Where We Are series, for instance, focus on the themes of community and coming-of-age, but each through a different lens, as the three images published here illustrate. Together they are beautiful examples of how visual collections can investigate ideas by illuminating both the “big picture” and the tiny, telling details.

How do I choose a good subject for this?

Our Student Opinion forum can help via its many questions that encourage you to brainstorm local, offline communities of all kinds.

Can I be a member of the community I photograph?

You can, but we encourage you not to. Part of the point of this contest is to help you investigate the interesting subcultures in your area, and expand your understanding of “community” by finding out about groups you otherwise may never have known existed.

But we also think it will be easier to do the assignment as an outsider. You will be coming to the community with “fresh eyes” and relative objectivity, and will be able to notice things that insiders may be too close to see.

If you do choose to depict a community you are a part of, we ask that you do not include yourself in the photos.

I’d like to work with others to create this. How do I do that?

You can work alone, with a partner, or with up to three other people. So, for example, in a group of four, two people might act as photographers, while the other two interview community members. When you are ready to edit your material and write up what you have discovered, the interviewers could use their notes to handle the short introduction, while the photographers could edit their shots into a meaningful visual sequence, and help collaborate on the captions.

Please remember, however, that you can only have your name on one submission.

Do I need permission to photograph the people in this community?

You do. It is good journalistic practice to tell the people you are photographing why you are taking pictures of them, and to ask their permission. They should also know that, if you are a winner, their image and name may appear online.

Though you do not have to have a signed permission sheet from every participant, if you are a winner and we publish your work, we will need to be able to reach those depicted, so please get their contact information before you take their pictures. (If you are photographing young children, this is especially important. Secure a parent or guardian’s permission first.)

An important exception to this: If you are taking photos of crowds in public places, such as at a sporting event, a community meeting or a local fair, you don’t need to worry about permissions, as it would be impossible to get them from all attendees.

I don’t know where to begin! What advice do you have?

Once you’ve chosen a community to photograph, begin by introducing yourself to ensure the participants are open to your project. Then, devote a bit of time to just observing, noticing how and where the members of this group spend time, what they do together, and how they relate to each other.

When you’re ready to start documenting what you find, our forthcoming step-by-step guide will help you take it from there.

_________

QUESTIONS ABOUT JUDGING

How will my photo essay be judged?

Your work will be read by New York Times journalists as well as by Learning Network staff members and educators from around the United States. We will use this rubric to judge entries.

What’s the prize?

Having your work published on The Learning Network and being eligible to be chosen to have your work published in the print editions of The New York Times.

When will the winners be announced?

About two months after the contest has closed.

_________

QUESTIONS ABOUT THE RULES

Who is eligible to participate in this contest?

This contest is open to students ages 13 to 19 who are in middle school or high school around the world. College students cannot submit an entry. However, high school students (including high school postgraduate students) who are taking one or more college classes can participate. Students attending their first year of a two-year CEGEP in Quebec Province can also participate. In addition, students age 19 or under who have completed high school but are taking a gap year or are otherwise not enrolled in college can participate.

The children and stepchildren of New York Times employees are not eligible to enter this contest. Nor are students who live in the same household as those employees.

Why are you asking for an Artist’s Statement about our process? What will you do with it?

All of us who work on The Learning Network are former teachers. One of the many things we miss, now that we work in a newsroom rather than a classroom, is being able to see how students are reacting to our “assignments” in real time — and to offer help, or tweaks, to make those assignments better. We’re asking you to reflect on what you did and why, and what was hard or easy about it, in large part so that we can improve our contests and the curriculum we create to support them. This is especially important for new contests, like this one.

Another reason? We have heard from many teachers that writing these statements is immensely helpful to students. Stepping back from a piece and trying to put into words what you wanted to express, and why and how you made artistic choices to do that, can help you see your piece anew and figure out how to make it stronger. For our staff, they offer important context that help us understand individual students and submissions, and learn more about the conditions under which students around the world create.

Whom can I contact if I have questions about this contest or am having issues submitting my entry?

Leave a comment on this post or write to us at LNFeedback@nytimes.com.

_________

QUESTIONS ABOUT TEACHING WITH THIS CONTEST

Do my students need a New York Times subscription to access these resources?

No. Students can get free access to the entire Where We Are series through The Learning Network. (All 13 photo essays are listed above, in our Resources section.) In addition, our related student forum, activity sheet and forthcoming “how to” guide are also free, as are everything they link to.

However, if you are interested in learning more about school subscriptions, visit this page.

I’m not an art teacher. Can this work for my students too?

Yes! Though this is a new contest for us, we chose it in part because the theme of “community” is such an important one in subjects across the curriculum. In fact, we hope it might inspire teachers in different curriculum areas to collaborate.

For example, students in social studies could investigate the role of community locally, learning about the history of different influential groups. An English teacher might support students as they interview and craft their introductions and photo captions, while an art teacher could offer tips for photo composition. And, of course, a journalism teacher could guide the full project, or work with other teachers to publish the most successful results in the school paper.

How do my students prove to me that they entered this contest?

After they press “Submit” on the form below, they will see a “Thank you for your submission.” line appear. They can take a screenshot of this message. Please note: Our system does not currently send confirmation emails.


Please read the following carefully before you submit:

  • Students who are 13 and older in the United States or the United Kingdom, or 16 and older elsewhere in the world, can submit their own entries. Those who are 13 to 15 and live outside the United States or the United Kingdom must have an adult submit on their behalf.

  • All students who are under 18 must provide a parent or guardian’s permission to enter.

  • You will not receive email confirmation of your submission. After you submit, you will see the message “Thank you for your submission.” That means we received your entry. If you need proof of entry for your teacher, please screenshot that message.

  • Here is an example of how you might submit a photo with a caption and a photographer credit (Ashley Markle is the photographer):

What is Pseudocode? Here’s What You Need to Know

0
What is Pseudocode? Here’s What You Need to Know

Pseudocode is an effective tool that programmers can use to break large problems down into more digestible sections. Imagine a writer who plans to write a novel. There are many elements to consider, like the characters, plot, setting, scenes, and so on. Without a way to plan the story’s direction, the novel can become a collection of disconnected ideas. That’s why most writers plot out the basic details in an outline. 

Pseudocode is like a writer’s outline, only it’s a roadmap for writing code. It takes some basic programming knowledge to understand what you’re looking at when reading pseudocode. But since pseudocode isn’t an actual programming language or tied to a specific syntax, even beginners and non-programmers can grasp the high-level basics of the application’s outline or rough draft.  

Ahead, we’ll explain how pseudocode can come in handy when building various applications. And if you’re more of a visual learner, check out the video below.

Why programmers use pseudocode 

Pseudocode lets programmers write their application plans in plain English before transferring it to a programming language, like Java. This makes it easier to determine user flows and eliminate top-level flow errors. 

​​Developing software​ is a collaborative process. Along with programmers, you also have product designers, marketing managers, and other teams who have a stake in the application’s development. Resolving problems among team members with varying levels of programming knowledge can eat up a lot of resources, which is one reason why pseudocode helps dev teams save both time and effort. 

Pseudocode helps devs find pitfalls and problems before development begins. Once the pseudocode outline is complete, it’s usually inspected and verified by other programmers or system designers. In short, pseudocode makes it easier to write algorithms that work with minimal issues and deliver the desired result before you get to the nitty gritty coding work. 

Learn something new for free

Using pseudocode to solve problems 

Pseudocode serves as a versatile tool that aids in various aspects of the coding journey, like problem-solving. With pseudocode, you can break down complex problems into manageable, bite-sized pieces or subgroups and get closer to identifying the core problem an application aims to solve. Pseudocode acts as a document for high-level solutions and provides a structured overview of the planned approach. Plus, pseudocode can be valuable when you’re evaluating the success of a project because you can compare your end product with the initial intentions. 

Here are some more advantages of using pseudocode​​: 

  • Better readability. Pseudocode makes communication clearer for people from an array of disciplines, such as mathematicians, business partners, and managers. 
  • Better code construction. Pseudocode makes it easier to convert those principles into code written in any programming language faster. 
  • Faster development: Outlining a project with pseudocode helps solidify an idea and expedite production. 
  • Easier bug detection and repair. The ​higher-level​ format in pseudocode makes finding and repairing bugs faster and smoother before the first line of code is even written. 

In addition to all of these benefits, pseudocode can be used to create user scenarios and stories, avoid bugs, crashes, and other error messages. It’s flexible and doesn’t follow the same formal standards as writing code, so it allows you to discover more efficient solutions, iterate quicker, and create a more refined coding process overall. 

How to write pseudocode 

The cool thing about pseudocode, especially for beginners, is that it’s not tied to a specific programming language or formal standards. Technically anyone can write pseudocode, but you need some fundamental programming knowledge to understand what it is you’re describing or reading. In our free course Learn the Basics of Programming, you’ll acquire foundational programming knowledge and hone your pseudocode writing skills. This course also helps you identify the programming language that best suits your goals.  

Pseudocode is typically written in uppercase, and the six primary parameters (or keywords) of pseudocode are: 

  • SEQUENCE. It means a sequence performed right after another. 
  • WHILE. With a condition at the beginning, it is a loop. 
  • REPEAT-UNTIL. A loop with a condition at the bottom. 
  • FOR. Additional way to enact looping. 
  • IF-THEN-ELSE. ​Directs an algorithms flow.​ 
  • CASE. A generalization of IF-THEN-ELSE. 

These basic commands are enough to write sufficient pseudocode, but some projects may require two additional commands. The first one is CALL, which is used to invoke a function. The other deals with code handling exceptions, so the command EXCEPTION, WHEN keywords might be used. 

Here’s an example of what a pseudocode snippet for a simple Python program that finds the larger of two numbers:

BEGIN
    NUMERIC nNum1, nNum2
    DISPLAY "ENTER THE FIRST NUMBER: "
    INPUT nNum1
    DISPLAY "ENTER THE SECOND NUMBER: "
    INPUT nNum2
    IF nNum1 > nNum2
        DISPLAY nNum1 + " is larger than " + nNum2
    ELSE
        DISPLAY nNum2 + " is larger than " + nNum1
    END

Tips for writing good pseudocode  

Pseudocode is meant to be easily understood by anyone who needs to understand the direction of your application build process. ​Some common practices include:​ 

  1. Capitalizing the initial word or main command (usually one of the parameters listed above). 
  1. Writing one statement per line. 
  1. Indenting to clarify a hierarchy (if there is one) and make your pseudocode easier to decipher. 
  1. Ending sections with the END keyword (ENDIF, ENDWHILE, etc.). 
  1. Making programming language statements independent. 
  1. Naming the problem domain. In other words, try to be specific and avoid vagueness. 
  1. Keeping it simple, to the point, and easy to read. 

Get started with pseudocode 

To recap, pseudocode stands out as a powerful tool for several reasons. It’s English-like format makes it clear and accessible across a wide variety of audiences. Writing pseudocode comes with no associated costs or additional expenses to a tech team — in fact, it accelerates and streamlines the application building phase. Above all, pseudocode allows for error correction before any actual code is written, contributing to a more robust development process.  

If you want to start writing pseudocode yourself, check out our free course Learn the Basics of Programming with Codecademy. You’ll learn how to write pseudocode as you pick up the basics of programming, and how to figure out which programming language is best for you.

Valentines

0
Valentines

Do you love Valentine’s Day? Hate it? Usually forget it exists at all?

Whatever your feelings, we invite you to post something inspired by this day. You might describe a memory from your own life, or use your imagination to write the opening of a short story or poem.

Then, read the related article to learn more — or use our Valentine’s Day collection to go much further.


Students 13 and older in the United States and Britain, and 16 and older elsewhere, are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public and may appear in print.

Find more Picture Prompts here.