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Do You Love to Dance?

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Do You Love to Dance?

Agnes De Mille, a 20th century dancer and choreographer, said: “To dance is to be out of yourself. Larger, more beautiful, more powerful.” What do you think about that?

Do you enjoy dancing? Have you ever felt more powerful or free when dancing?

In “I Dance Because I Can,” Alice Sheppard, a choreographer, dancer and wheelchair user, writes about the power and freedom that come from dancing:

My hands are cold, clammy. They always are when I’m nervous. And I’m nervous, all right. My heart is pounding, too.

I have about 30 seconds to settle myself before I swing my right leg up onto the top surface of our ramp stage set, pull hard on the metal drawer handles that are affixed to its edges, and slide up on my stomach into the opening position of the dance. I take a deep breath, close my eyes; the cold surface squeaks as I slide on it. I count another 45 seconds or so before the music starts.

The dance is called “DESCENT,” and it is a creation of the collective Kinetic Light. Over the course of the next hour, I will launch my body up, down and around the curvaceous plywood structure of our set. Bathed in the stunning projections of our lighting, video and projection designer, Michael Maag, I will sit on its peak, dive into its underworld and join my dance partner and collaborator, Laurel Lawson, as we move from wheelchair to floor, platform to valley, pushing, pulling, intertwining ourselves until the final moment when together we leap for the edge.

I was not supposed to be a dancer; I grew up playing music and dreaming of working in an orchestra. I pivoted at the last minute, studied languages, went to graduate school, became a professor, and never looked back at the arts until I saw the dancer Homer Avila perform at a conference on disability studies in 2004. We spoke after the show. At the time, I could not have guessed the effect his words would have on me. I somewhat tipsily accepted his dare to take a dance class. I did not know that Homer would soon be dead and that his words would ignite a curiosity that would become a fiery passion for dance. Two years later, I resigned from my academic job and began to train as a dancer.

Even now, nearly 15 years later, people often ask why I dance. I tell them because of the way it feels, because of the pleasure, because I can. Mostly, though, these answers land awkwardly. I see my interlocutor soften. Sometimes, their internal/external filter fails: Of course, someone with your limitations must get enjoyment from moving; it must feel good, considering; movement probably even helps, right? Therapy?

None of this is the case. Dance is often more injurious than therapeutic. I do not work from a deficit-based understanding of my body. But it is true that I enjoy it. Immensely. I have fallen in love with stretching, pushing, sweating. With the very effort of moving. I have fallen in love with dancing: Its power and freedom are like nothing else I know.

Students, read the entire article, then tell us:

— Do you like to dance? Why or why not? In what settings do you feel most comfortable dancing? Do you ever experience the qualities Ms. Sheppard describes: power, freedom, pleasure or connection?

— Do you consider yourself to be a good dancer? Would you rather be dancing or watching others dance? Why?

— What are your reactions to Ms. Sheppard’s Opinion essay? Did anything touch, move or surprise you? Does it change your appreciation of dance? The human body? The human experience?

— What are your favorite forms of dance — hip-hop, tap, ballet, flamenco or salsa, for example? What memorable performances have you seen, whether live or online?

— The author says:

Art by a disabled artist, for example, is often seen as being tied to the artist’s disability status: The art either recognizes a presumed triumph over that status or responds to the assumed tribulations of disabled daily life. Sometimes, counter to the artist’s actual focus, audiences assume that the artist’s work is intended to educate nondisabled people about disability rights and etiquette, or to nudge people to think differently about disability and equity in the world. This is limiting.

What does she mean by the statement? Do you agree? What is the relationship between art, the artist and their identity? In what ways is it limiting to be considered a disabled artist — or a black, gay or Jewish one? Can it also be empowering?

— What meaning do you get from the artist’s description of her piece “DESCENT?” Would you want to see it?

Students 13 and older are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public.

Learning With: ‘Trump’s Talks With Kim Jong-un Collapse, and Both Sides Point Fingers’

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Learning With: ‘Trump’s Talks With Kim Jong-un Collapse, and Both Sides Point Fingers’

2. What was or was not achieved at the summit? What did each side offer? What were the main sticking points during the negotiations?

3. Leaders and representatives from each country had different accounts of why the summit failed to achieve an agreement. How did their versions differ?

4. How is the abrupt end of the summit a setback for Mr. Trump, according to the article? How did Mr. Trump try to put a good face on the outcome?

6. What is the possible political impact for each country? Which do you believe is most significant?

7. How have leaders in other nations in the region reacted to the news? How might the summit affect relations between North and South Korea?

8. Jean H. Lee, a Korea expert at the Wilson Center, worries about the consequences of the summit:

Did these two leaders and their teams build up enough good will to keep the lines of communication open, or are we headed into another period of stalled negotiations — or worse, tensions — that would give the North Koreans more time and incentive to keep building their weapons program?

Which outcome do you think is more likely, and why?

Finally, tell us more about what you think:

— What’s your reaction to the summit and its abrupt end? What do you think the summit achieved? Do you think it will ease or increase tensions between the two countries? What are the prospects for lasting peace between the two nations?

In “Trump-Kim Summit’s Collapse Exposes the Risks of One-to-One Diplomacy,” David E. Sanger writes:

Three American presidents have tried cajoling, threatening and sabotaging North Korea’s efforts to build a nuclear arsenal. Eventually each turned to negotiations, convinced that an isolated, broken country would surely choose economic benefits for its starving populace over the bomb.

President Trump was the fourth to test that proposition, but with a twist: Engaging in the sort of direct talks that his predecessors shunned, the president traveled 8,000 miles for his second summit meeting in less than a year with Kim Jong-un, the North Korean leader, betting that his self-described skills as a master negotiator would make all the difference.

As it turned out, it didn’t. The meeting in Vietnam ended in shambles on Thursday when Mr. Kim insisted on a full lifting of sanctions, according to Mr. Trump, and would not agree to dismantle enough of his nuclear program to satisfy American demands. (The North Koreans later said they had demanded only a partial lifting of sanctions.)

The split underscored the risk of leader-to-leader diplomacy: When it fails, there are few places to go, no higher-up to step in and cut a compromise that saves the deal.

Do you think Mr. Trump is pursuing the right diplomatic strategy? Or was it a mistake to engage in a face-to-face summit with Mr. Kim? Do you think Mr. Trump made the right choice to “walk away”? Why or why not?

Word + Quiz: pilfer

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Word + Quiz: pilfer

: steal or make off with belongings of others

_________

The word pilfer has appeared in 56 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on Jan. 25 in “Huge Trove of Leaked Russian Documents Is Published by Transparency Advocates” by Scott Shane:

A group of transparency advocates on Friday posted a mammoth collection of hacked and leaked documents from inside Russia, a release widely viewed as a sort of symbolic counterstrike against Russia’s dissemination of hacked emails to influence the American presidential election in 2016.

… Russian and Eastern European hackers have for many years been among the world’s most active, many operating, initially, from a criminal underground in search of profit. But over the last decade, Russian intelligence agencies have become adept at using cyberintrusions to pilfer documents abroad as part of intelligence gathering and to leak for political purposes.

_________

Your Food Obsession

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Your Food Obsession

Is there a food you’re especially passionate about? Maybe one you’ve loved — or loathed — since childhood?

Tell a story in the comments about a food obsession of any kind. You can write about your own history with this food, or make up a character and write about his or hers. If you like, you can use lines from the illustration above as inspiration.

When you’re done, take a look at the rest of the comic about one man’s McRib obsession.

Find many more ways to use our Picture Prompt feature in this lesson plan.

Film Club: ‘Traveling While Black’

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Film Club: ‘Traveling While Black’

Note to teachers: This film contains depictions of violence and a racial slur. Please preview the entire film before sharing it with students to make sure it is appropriate for your class.

_________

How have race and racism impacted African Americans’ ability to move freely throughout the United States in the past and today?

Traveling While Black” is a 20-minute 360 degree video that touches on themes of racism and resistance. It tells the history of “The Negro Motorist Green Book,” a travel guide that listed restaurants, bars, hotels and private homes that welcomed African-American travelers across the country in the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. The film explores the complicated history of “The Green Book” and the dangers and humiliations that black travelers still face today.

Students

1. Watch the short film above. While you watch, you might take notes using our Film Club Double-Entry Journal (PDF) to help you remember specific moments.

2. After watching, think about these questions:

• What moments in this film stood out for you? Why?

• Were there any surprises? Anything that challenged what you know — or thought you knew?

• What messages, emotions or ideas will you take away from this film? Why?

• What questions do you still have?

3. An additional challenge: What connections can you make between this film and your own life or experience? Why? Does this film remind you of anything else you’ve read or seen? If so, how and why?

4. Next, join the conversation by clicking on the comment button and posting in the box that opens on the right. (Students 13 and older are invited to comment, although teachers of younger students are welcome to post what their students have to say.)

5. After you have posted, try reading back to see what others have said, then respond to someone else by posting another comment. Use the “Reply” button or the @ symbol to address that student directly.

6. To learn more, read “The Green Book’s Black History.” Brent Staples writes:

Imagine trudging into a hotel with your family at midnight — after a long, grueling drive — and being turned away by a clerk who “loses” your reservation when he sees your black face.

This was a common hazard for members of the African-American elite in 1932, the year Dr. B. Price Hurst of Washington, D.C., was shut out of New York City’s Prince George Hotel despite having confirmed his reservation by telegraph. …

The Hurst case was a cause célèbre in 1936 when a Harlem resident and postal worker named Victor Hugo Green began soliciting material for a national travel guide that would steer black motorists around the humiliations of the not-so-open road and point them to businesses that were more than happy to accept colored dollars. As the historian Gretchen Sullivan Sorin writes in her revelatory study of “The Negro Motorist Green Book,” the guide became “the bible of every Negro highway traveler in the 1950s and early 1960s.”

_________

More?

• See all the films in this series.

• Read our list of practical teaching ideas, along with responses from students and teachers, for how you can use these documentaries in the classroom.

• Our next Film Club will take place on Thursday, March 7.

Spotlight on Computer Science Career Options

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Spotlight on Computer Science Career Options

If you’re looking for a career in a high-growth field, you can’t do much better than computer science. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), computer and information technology sector employment is projected to grow by 13% through 2026 with more than 550,000 new jobs added. That’s significantly faster than the rest of the economy. Not only is the field growing, computer science salaries tend to be profitable for people in the field who earn between $50,000 and $128,000 annually according to PayScale.

The profitable pay and exciting opportunities to expand are just two reasons why people are drawn to the field. But where you should focus your career search? Let’s dig deeper into the BLS data and identify the job areas that will grow fastest over the next decade.

If you need help getting the education required for some of these computer science career paths, check out the online Masters of Computer Science (MCS) degree offered by Arizona State University in partnership with Coursera.

 

We’re living in the age of Big Data, which means ever bigger databases as well as a high demand for experienced database administrators. Database administrators (or DBAs) are responsible for storing, organizing, and managing access to important data such as financial information, medical histories, transaction details, and virtually any other large dataset you can imagine. Given the valuable and often sensitive nature of this data, a background in cybersecurity is becoming an increasingly important part of the DBA skill set.

Due to growing demand from a wide variety of industries, BLS projects database administrator jobs to grow by 11% through 2026 with a median annual salary of $87,020.

 

Web developers are responsible for building every aspect of a website. This includes front-end developers who handle the way websites look, and back-end developers who work on technical implementation. The growth of mobile e-commerce is fueling high demand for web developers with up-to-date skills.

According to BLS, these trends will lead to 15% job growth for web developers through 2026. The projected median salary is $67,990. This is a particularly good career path for creative types: 1 in 6 web developers are self-employed, and many work in industries like publishing or advertising.

 

If you’re serious about computing, computer science is a pathway to fascinating careers and major growth potential. Computer scientists are tasked with solving some of the most complex challenges in tech. They create innovative new algorithms for machine learning and build new operating systems from scratch. These positions are in demand across a range of high-impact fields like medicine, engineering, and science. Most jobs require a master’s degree.

BLS projects that computer and information research scientist jobs will grow by 19% through 2026. The median salary of $114,520 reflects companies’ need for these highly-skilled professionals.

 

Software developers are the auteurs of the computer world. They identify user needs, devise creative software solutions, and direct teams of programmers to make their visions a reality. Application software developers create the mobile or desktop apps we rely on in our daily lives, while system software developers build entire operating systems from the ground up.

Given rising demand for software across all industries, it’s no surprise that software developers are one of the fastest-growing job areas in computer science. BLS projects that employment in this area will increase by 24% through 2026 with a median salary of $103,560.

 

One of the most critical computer science work areas is information security analysis. These highly-skilled analysts are responsible for identifying computer network vulnerabilities and planning the security measures that protect them. They also monitor these systems and ensure that breaches are remedied. As the frequency and sophistication of hacking attempts grows, information security analysts must keep up-to-date on the latest methods and countermeasures.

Given the growing need for these skills, BLS projects information security analyst jobs to grow by 28% through 2026 with a median annual salary of $95,510.

 

Pursuing these career paths is made easier when you have a background in the field. If you’re interested in developing or expanding an advanced computer science skill set the Master of Computer Science (MCS) degree from Arizona State University can provide you with in-depth education and a powerful diploma. Visit ASU Online to learn more about this affordable and flexible online program.

 

Imperial College London’s World-Class MPH for Online Students

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Imperial College London’s World-Class MPH for Online Students

Whether they’re addressing pressing global healthcare challenges or exploring issues in their home communities, the next generation of public health leaders need strong, evidence-based research skills. The Global Master of Public Health (MPH) from Imperial College London’s School of Public Health helps students develop the capabilities needed to make a positive impact with a flexible, affordable, and fully online degree program.

Global MPH students study biostatistics, epidemiology, health systems, and more while learning from world-class faculty members that shape global policy. They also build an impressive research portfolio to showcase their skills, including projects that can be submitted to peer-reviewed journals. Whether your background is in medicine, health policy, academia, or other research areas, Imperial’s program will help shape you into a leader in the field.

If you want to get a sense of how Imperial students and faculty are making a difference at the global as well as local level, check out these recent stories from Imperial Today:

  • Landmark Hepatitis C Intervention Study: In January, Imperial researchers published the first-ever estimates of the global impact of a comprehensive package of prevention, screening, and treatment interventions for hepatitis C. The landmark study, published in The Lancet, estimated that these steps could avert 15.1 million new hepatitis C infections and 1.5 million cirrhosis and liver cancer deaths globally by 2030 – equal to an 81% reduction in incidence and a 61% reduction in deaths compared with 2015.
  • Imperial Collaborations Becoming Increasingly Global: In their drive to tackle global challenges, a new analysis shows that Imperial researchers collaborated with peers located across 191 different countries in academic papers published between 2015 and 2017. The United States was Imperial’s most prolific collaborator, with nearly 8,000 publications (and a long-running partnership with MIT), but the survey also showed strong growth in countries including China, Malaysia, Qatar, South Africa, and Egypt.
  • New Imperial Campus to Work With Local Community: Imperial is raising funds to develop a state of the art School of Public Health building on its new White City campus. In addition to advancing Imperial’s groundbreaking work on global health challenges, the university and local councillors are discussing plans to collaborate on solutions to issues affecting the local community, including nutrition, loneliness, and isolation.

Imperial College London is one of the top 10-ranked universities in the world as well as the most international university in the United Kingdom, with students and faculty from more than 140 countries. This fully online program makes Imperial truly global, giving students regular access to faculty through office hours and live global classroom sessions. Best of all, the Global MPH degree is being offered at an affordable  price point, making this high-impact education more accessible than ever.

 

Biotechnologist Preps for Grad School with Specializations on Coursera

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Biotechnologist Preps for Grad School with Specializations on Coursera

Mrinal is a biotechnologist pursuing his Master of Science in Systems Biology and Bioinformatics in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

If I could describe the Systems Biology and Biotechnology Specialization in one sentence, it would be: “This course changed my life.”

What I Learned

I took a lot of courses on Coursera over the years, but one that stood out was the Systems Biology and Biotechnology Specialization. Integrative science is the future, and these interdisciplinary courses helped me realize the true purpose of science: the different branches of science are made to work together and our understanding of the world is stronger when we tackle problems from a holistic perspective.

It also helped me a lot in writing my bachelor’s thesis, which was on NGS data analysis and database formation. By the time I finished the literature review module (course 5 of the Systems Biology and Biotechnology Specialization), I had a better idea of how to complete my thesis.

This Specialization consists of 5 courses and a final capstone project. Some things we covered include experimental methods in systems biology, data sourcing, different types of analyses, and dynamic modeling techniques. If you’re looking to learn a lot, this Specialization is perfect for you.

Onwards to Graduate School

I was able to get into one of the best research universities in the world to study the subject I’m most passionate about.

When I was applying for graduate school, the knowledge I gained from the Bioinformatics Specialization and Systems Biology and Biotechnology Specialization on Coursera helped a great deal. I aced my school interviews and had plenty to add to my statement of purpose.

Today, I’m completing my Master of Science in Systems Biology and Bioinformatics at ITMO University in Saint Petersburg, one of Russia’s national research universities. We’re learning about sequencing analyses, formation of compendiums for diseases, and pipelines for pathway analyses. None of this could have been possible without the amazing content offered by universities on Coursera.

Some advice and learnings

My advice for students who come from mathematics, programming, or biology is this: you’ll be hit by a steep learning curve in the beginning, but don’t let that discourage you. For me at least, very little made sense at the start because on one hand you’re studying the basics of programming and on the other you’re absorbing enough biology vocabulary to scare off the typical layman. But then you’ll begin to see the convergence of this crucial knowledge and skills – the way you can combine knowledge from two fields and perspectives to solve complex problems – and suddenly it’s like magic.

To experience this sense of unity is awe-inspiring, so don’t stop until you hit that “Aha!” moment yourself.

 

“AI for Everyone”: new course from deeplearning.ai now available on Coursera

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“AI for Everyone”: new course from deeplearning.ai now available on Coursera

Dear Friends,

I am excited to announce the newest course from deeplearning.ai, “AI for Everyone.” It is now available on Coursera.

AI is not only for engineers. This non-technical course will help you understand technologies like machine learning and deep learning and spot opportunities to apply AI to problems in your own organization. You will see examples of what today’s AI can – and cannot – do. Finally, you will understand how AI is impacting society and how to navigate through this technological change.

If you are a non-technical business leader, “AI for Everyone” will help you understand how to build a sustainable AI strategy. If you are a machine learning engineer or data scientist, this is the course to ask your manager, VP or CEO to take if you want them to understand what you can (and cannot!) do.

AI for Everyone

Artificial intelligence will transform every industry, just as electricity did 100 years ago. Between now and 2030, AI will create an estimated $13 trillion of GDP growth.

Through my work with Landing AI, I meet daily with CEOs who want to transform their companies with machine learning. The number one question they ask is how to align their long-term business strategy with today’s AI capabilities.

The AI-powered future must be built by both engineers and domain experts. We will need millions of AI engineers. We will also need millions of CEOs, product managers, marketers, salespeople, designers and financiers who understand how to apply AI technologies within their organizations and communities.

Bringing the deeplearning.ai community together

Since launching the Deep Learning Specialization, hundreds of thousands of you have enrolled in a course and begun furthering your career in deep learning.

You can enroll for “AI for Everyone” today.

I look forward to hearing from you and am excited to continue expanding the AI community together.

Andrew Ng, Co-founder of Coursera

 

Ask a Data Engineer: Warby Parker Edition 👓

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Ask a Data Engineer: Warby Parker Edition 👓

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Codecademy’s very own Nick Duckwiler (left) and Ryan Tuck from Warby Parker (right) in our office. (📷: Mitch Boyer)

Last month, Codecademy and Warby Parker came together to work on a special Learn SQL from Scratch Capstone Project. It was during this time when I met Ryan Tuck, a Data Engineer at Warby, who played a major part in this partnership. So when he decided to drop by our office for the final QA round, I had to break out my notebook and ask some questions. Enjoy.


Hey Ryan, let’s start off with a question I’ve had for a while — what is a Data Engineer? (Is it similar to a Data Analyst or a Software Engineer?)

At Warby Parker, data engineers are responsible for creating and maintaining the plumbing required to support the data and reporting needs of the business. We use software engineering practices to automate the work of data cleaning, normalizing, and model building so that data is always ready to be consumed by data analysts in every department.

What languages/frameworks do you use at Warby?

On data engineering, we use Python as our general purpose programming language, as do most of the other teams in our Technology department. When it comes to databases, we use PostgreSQL for the majority of our SQL needs, and are beginning to use Amazon Athena and Google BigQuery for some of our larger datasets. We use Looker as our exclusive business intelligence entry point to all of this data.

What are some of the projects you worked on?

I’ve had the privilege of working with a lot of of smart people in every department at our company to help them solve their varied data needs, from reconciling financial data with the Accounting team to automating and modeling standardized performance metrics for our team of over 200 customer experience advisors.

As part of a team of five supporting the data needs of a rapidly growing company, I’ve tried where possible to focus on helping our analysts solve their own problems. This includes helping people learn Python and commit to our codebase, guiding the creation of data models in SQL, and encouraging people to submit pull requests to add features in Looker, our BI tool.

Seeing dozens of otherwise “non-technical” colleagues opening up PRs on a daily basis, and consequently being part of the democratization of tech that we value at Warby Parker, is probably the most rewarding “project” I’ve been a part of.

One project finished recently during our first annual “Hackweek” is called Pipes, which allows anyone at the company to easily move large amounts of data from wherever to wherever (Looker, Google Sheets, PostgreSQL, BigQuery, etc) on a regular cadence, or manually through a simple one-line chatbot interface. The adoption has been overwhelmingly positive and we’re looking to grow this sort of tooling out even more.

“We use software engineering practices to automate the work of data cleaning, normalizing, and model building so that data is always ready to be consumed by data analysts in every department.”

What got you into the data field?

I’ve always been drawn to analytical fields like math, and became pretty proficient in Excel during some internships in college. Once I had learned to program and learned more about data science and its applications in artificial intelligence, I knew that anything I could do to immerse myself in the world of data would be a step in the right direction.

Three and a half years ago, I landed a job as a junior software engineer at Warby Parker not fully knowing what I was in for, but am so glad I got the opportunity to help build tools to support an interesting and ever-changing data-driven culture here.

Where did you learn SQL and Python?

I had a background in C++, and was exposed to Python through an Intro to Data Science course. When Warby Parker hired me onto the Data team in 2015, I had never written a SQL query in my life, but picked it up quickly and within a few months started up internal SQL training classes, which I still teach on a monthly basis.

What does your tattoo say?


The ultimate cheatsheet.

This is Bayes’ Theorem, which is an equation that describes how to update probabilities given new evidence. Two summers ago I worked on building a tool to help predict weekly fantasy football performance. Some colleagues suggested a Bayesian approach would be appropriate, since there aren’t really enough data points in an NFL season to be able to use statistical approaches that require larger datasets, and I’d want to regularly update my predictions after each player’s latest performance.

I did a deep dive into understanding the (simple) math underlying Bayes’ Theorem and came out of that experience with a whole new worldview, understanding my entire knowledge of the world as a big and intricate probabilistic model that I was continuously updating with every experience I ever have. It was pretty transformative, and I figured that was worth a tattoo.

What is a concept in SQL/Python that’s essential to your work?

Donald Knuth said, “Premature optimization is the root of all evil.” I’ve generally found this to be true, and try to live by it in my work. For example, I’ll generally prefer to keep a data model simple by rebuilding it for all time on a daily basis using a single SQL query instead of making a more complicated model that requires iteratively adding to a table, keeping track of state, updated timestamps, when something last ran, etc.

A wise man once said, “Duplicating data makes things go fast,” but databases are already impressively fast to begin with, without implementing anything to improve performance. Ultimately, I almost always approach a problem thinking about optimizing for my time over machine time, for readability over performance, and for introducing as little cognitive overhead as is required by the problem at hand. Only once performance issues or readability issues present themselves will some code be worth a rewrite.

Last question! Since you wrote Warby Parker’s internal SQL training courses, I know there gotta be some inner Curriculum Developer in you. Can you teach a SQL concept in 2 minutes?

Sure! Have you ever written a query that yields some result set and you think, “I’d love to query the stuff I just produced like it was a table?” Enter the WITH clause.

Suppose I have a mega query that gives the transaction summaries:

select
    transactions.date as transaction_date,
    sum(items.price) as total_cost,
    count(*) as number_of_items
from
    transactions
inner join
    customers
    on
    customers.id = transactions.customer_id
inner join
    transaction_items
    on
    transactions.id = transaction_items.transaction_id
inner join
    items
    on
    items.id = transaction_items.item_id

Using WITH, I can create a temporary table within my query that I can SELECT from and treat it just like a regular old table.

I will put everything from the previous query in a parentheses and use WITH to give it the name transaction_summaries.

Then I’ll apply the date and customer filtering down below for a more readable query, to separate out all the JOIN logic from the actual WHERE filters that I want to apply on that data.

with transaction_summaries as (
  select
      transactions.date as transaction_date,
      sum(items.price) as total_cost,
      count(*) as number_of_items
  from
      transactions
  inner join
      customers
      on
      customers.id = transactions.customer_id
  inner join
      transaction_items
      on
      transactions.id = transaction_items.transaction_id
  inner join
      items
      on
      items.id = transaction_items.item_id
)

select 
        * 
from 
        transaction_summaries
where 
        first_name = 'beyonce'
        and 
        transaction_date > '2018–01–01'
order by 
        total_cost desc
limit 
        5

If you’re familiar with subqueries, this does a similar thing but makes the SQL far more readable, even if your query isn’t quite as performant as it would have been. This is essentially an implementation of the mantra “Don’t Repeat Yourself” that’s common in the world of programming.

Incredible. And love the SQL styling! 😍


Huge shout out to Ryan and the whole Warby Parker team for making this partnership happen. Special hat tips for behind-the-scenes support from:

  • Lon Binder, Chief Technology Officer, Warby Parker
  • Maddie Tierney, Executive Assistant, Warby Parker
  • Kayla Robbins, Executive Assistant, Warby Parker
  • Kaki Read, Senior Communications Manager, Warby Parker
  • Isabel Seely, Senior Brand Manager, Warby Parker

It’s been an absolute pleasure. And of course, the fam at Codecademy. You know who you are. Couldn’t do it without you.