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Good Interventions Do NOT Have to be Expensive

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Good Interventions Do NOT Have to be Expensive

A common misconception that we hear is that education and neuroscience are related disciplines and that those who study the brain must know how we learn. While one can inform the other, I promise that training in neuroscience does NOT include an understanding of how those brain processes translate into classroom practices. We often talk about a very necessary dialogue between educators and researchers, because very few individuals have extensive experience in both domains.

My first hesitation when reading this article came from the title. Why did they ask a behavioral geneticist for his opinions about an educational intervention? That’s not to say he couldn’t read that research and develop a decent understanding given his expertise in research design, but he comes to very strong conclusions about something I’m not sure he is fully trained in.

One of the things I appreciate so much about my colleagues here at the Learning Scientists is that we try to approach similar conversations with caution. You can ask us about how cognitive science applies to developmental disorders and we will tell you exactly what we know and admit that we are NOT experts in developmental disorders, so any conclusions we are making need further analysis.

Ok, this statement isn’t completely untrue, but there’s only one part of it that is a problem. That problem is his use of the word “everybody”. That’s correct, there’s no one solution that will work for every single learner every single time. The best interventions are flexible and adaptable, but there are processes that work for every learner. And they don’t have to be complicated (see Issue #3).

I would love to see any piece of research that backs up this claim, especially given that it is the opposite of our recommendations. Strategies that will improve education do not have to be these giant curriculum overhauls. (See Megan’s blog from last week for more on this.) Educators can use the same content that they have always used, but reinforce that encoding with retrieval practice (for free) and voila! Retention is improved… A good intervention that is both free and not terribly labor intensive.

What’s Going On in This Graph? | Feb. 13, 2019

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What’s Going On in This Graph? | Feb. 13, 2019

1. This graph shows the relative size of military budgets by country in 2015. It originally appeared elsewhere on NYTimes.com.

After looking closely at the graph above, think about these three questions:

What do you notice?
What do you wonder?
What are you curious about that comes from what you notice in the graph?
What might be going on in this graph?
Write a catchy headline that captures the graph’s main idea. If your headline makes a claim, tell us what you noticed that supports your claim.

The questions are intended to build on one another, so try to answer them in order. Start with “I notice,” then “I wonder,” and end with “The story this graph is telling is ….” and a catchy headline.

2. Next, join the conversation by clicking on the comment button and posting in the box that opens on the right. (Students 13 and older are invited to comment. Teachers of younger students are welcome to post what their students have to say, or they can have their students use this same activity on Desmos.)

3. After you have posted, read what others have said, then respond to someone else by posting a comment. Use the “Reply” button or the @ symbol to address that student directly.

On Wednesday, Feb. 13, our collaborator, the American Statistical Association, will facilitate this discussion from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Eastern Time to help students’ understanding go deeper. You might use their responses as models for your own.

4. On the afternoon of Thursday, Feb. 14, we will reveal more information about the graph at the bottom of this post. Students, we encourage you to post an additional comment after reading the reveal. How does the original New York Times article and the moderators’ comments help you see the graph differently? Try to incorporate the statistical terms defined in the Stat Nuggets in your response.

_________

• Read our introductory post, which includes information about using the “Notice and Wonder” teaching strategy.
• Learn about how and why other teachers are using this feature, and use the 2018-19 “What’s Going On in This Graph?” calendar to plan ahead for the 25 Wednesday releases.
• Go to the A.S.A. K-12 website, which includes This is Statistics, resources, professional development, student competitions, curriculum, courses and careers.

Word + Quiz: adjudicate

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Word + Quiz: adjudicate

Note: Our Sixth Annual 15-Second Vocabulary Video Challenge is underway. It will run until Feb. 18.

1. put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of

2. bring to an end; settle conclusively

_________

The word adjudicate has appeared in 142 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on Jan. 9 in “Mysterious Spike in Complaints About Street Signs Moves Council to Halt Violations” by Karen Zraick:

The New York City Council voted on Wednesday to institute a two-year moratorium on violations related to store signs and awnings after a mysterious spike in 311 complaints that led to costly penalties for small businesses.

…. Councilman Menchaca is also arguing for a permanent change in how the city adjudicates violations related to signs and awnings. In a statement, he said businesses should get a citation or warning, not a civil penalty, if a violation is found.

_________

How Would YOU Describe the State of Our Union?

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How Would YOU Describe the State of Our Union?

President Trump delivered his second State of the Union address on Tuesday night. The speech was scheduled for last month, but was postponed because of the partial government shutdown, prompted by Mr. Trump’s demand that Congress pay for a wall along the southern border with Mexico.

Were you watching? Why or why not?

Though we welcome your reactions to what the president said — and to the Democratic response — in this forum we’re chiefly asking how you think our country is doing right now.

Are we better off than we were a year ago? Two years ago? Why or why not? What are the main issues we face, in your opinion? In general, how strong is the state of our union right now?

In Trump Asks for Unity, but Presses Hard Line on Immigration, The Times summarizes the speech and the reaction to it:

President Trump delivered a message of bipartisan unity on Tuesday night in his first address to Congress in the new era of divided government, but signaled that he would continue to wage war for the hard-line immigration policies that have polarized the capital and the nation.

In a nationally televised speech that toggled between conciliation and confrontation, Mr. Trump presented himself as a leader who could work across party lines even as he pressed lawmakers to build a wall along the nation’s southwestern border that leaders of the newly empowered congressional Democrats have adamantly rejected.

…The change in the power structure in a Capitol long dominated by men was on display as Ms. Pelosi and scores of House Democratic women wore white, the color of the suffrage movement, reflecting the fact that 131 women were sworn into the new Congress, the most in American history.

When Mr. Trump noted this breakthrough, the women leapt to their feet, cheering, dancing and high-fiving each other. “That’s really great,” he said. “Congratulations.”

He made no direct mention of the issues that may yet come to dominate the year, such as the Russia investigation by the special counsel, Robert S. Mueller III, or the parallel inquiries that House Democrats intend to conduct into his campaign’s ties with Russia and efforts to impede investigations.

Instead, he alluded to them only in passing, but pointedly. “An economic miracle is taking place in the United States,” he said, “and the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars, politics or ridiculous partisan investigations.”

But Mr. Trump indicated no retreat from his almost singular pursuit of a border wall, directly taking on Ms. Pelosi, who has called it “immoral.” He devoted 15 minutes of the hour-and-22-minute speech to immigration with no concession to Democratic priorities like a path to citizenship for immigrants brought into the country illegally as children.

“This is a moral issue,” Mr. Trump said as Ms. Pelosi sat unmoved behind him. “No issue better illustrates the divide between America’s working class and America’s political class than illegal immigration,” he added. “Wealthy politicians and donors push for open borders while living their lives behind walls and gates and guards.”

In the official Democratic response, Stacey Abrams, who lost a close race for governor of Georgia in November, scorned the idea of unity from a president who has practiced the politics of division. “We know bipartisanship could craft a 21st-century immigration plan,” she said, “but this administration chooses to cage children and tear families apart.”

Ms. Abrams, who is African-American, challenged Mr. Trump’s history of racial provocation, saying, “We must hold everyone from the highest offices to our families accountable for racist words and deeds and call racism what it is — wrong.”

The president’s speech, built on a theme of “choosing greatness,” came at a pivotal moment halfway through the president’s term as he seeks to regain momentum after the midterm election defeat that handed control of the House to Democrats and after his failed effort to use a partial government shutdown to extract money for the wall.

Students, please tell us:

— Is the state of our union strong, in your opinion? In other words, how do you think the country is doing right now? Are we doing better, worse or the same as we were a year ago? What should be the nation’s priorities? What are the biggest issues we face? For instance, do you agree with President Trump’s focus on immigration and the need for a border wall?

— What is your reaction to President Trump’s State of the Union address? What, to you, were the most memorable moments or lines? How effective do you think it was over all?

— What reactions to the address — whether from political commentators, members of Congress, social media or your friends and family — did you find most interesting? Why?

— Which descriptions of the state of our union that you have heard or read this week do you find most compelling or persuasive? Why?

— If you were to make your own one-minute State of the Union speech, what would you say? Why? What issues, policies, ideas or themes would you highlight?

Weekly News Quiz for Students: Super Bowl, Political Scandal, Polar Vortex

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Weekly News Quiz for Students: Super Bowl, Political Scandal, Polar Vortex

Jussie Smollett, one of the stars of the Fox television show “Empire,” was attacked in Chicago early on the morning of Jan. 29 by two people who yelled and wrapped a rope around his neck, according to the police, who said they were investigating the incident as “a possible hate crime.”

4 big questions the world faces today (and courses to help you understand them)

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4 big questions the world faces today (and courses to help you understand them)

Despite regularly increasing life expectancies (WHO) and improving levels of education (UNICEF), the modern world has brought its own unique set of problems: from huge food waste (UN), to climate change (NASA), to an increasing wealth divide (Credit Suisse).

The good news is people the world over are working together to understand these problems, and come up with solutions. You can join them with courses on FutureLearn. Here are four big questions (and courses) to get you started.

1. Are we better together?

EU flag illustration

2016 saw 51.9% of voters in the UK’s European Union referendum vote to leave, making the UK the first country to try to voluntarily leave the EU. Now, almost a year later, a deal on how the UK works with the EU remains distant (BBC) and it seems likely the UK will suffer financially after Brexit (Bank of England, LSE, IFS, IMF).

Despite the complexities of acts like Brexit the UK isn’t the only country showing signs of isolationism: recent movements in Spain (BBC), the rise of Holland’s ‘Party for Freedom’, and President Trump’s ‘America first’ politics also suggest that globalisation, for some, might have gone too far.

Find out more about isolationism, populism and the future with the course Global Studies: the End of Globalization?


2. Have we made life harder for the next generation?

cutting money illustration

The western belief in ‘progress’, that each generation will be an improvement on its predecessor, for a long time has held true (WEF). However, it seems this might no longer the case. Housing problems, changing economy policies and political shifts mean the next generation are facing significant financial uncertainty. But the big question is will they be worse off? It’s time to look at the evidence.

Find out more about world economics and the future of the next generation with the course Exploring Economics: Will the Next Generation Be Worse Off?


3. How can we slow down man-made climate change?

city illustration

Climate change is an inevitable part of our future: 2016 was the warmest year on record (NASA), Arctic sea ice is at a record low (NSIDC) and by the end of this century the oceans could be 150% more acidic (NOAA). The challenge now is how to slow down the progress of climate change and mitigate its effects.

One of the ways we might do that is with smart technology: using data to work out how much energy people use and how to get them to use it more effectively, whether for a whole city or just an office.

Find out more about smart technology, new energy models and reducing carbon footprints with the course Smart Grids for Smart Cities: Towards Zero Emissions 


4. What is the reality of immigration?

passport stamp illustration

The ‘European migrant crisis’ that made headlines in 2015 raised lots of questions about migration and caused ugly bursts of xenophobia (BBC). Migration is now a hot topic for politicians, and some think it may have even been the driving factor for Brexit (Independent). But just 13.5% of the UK population are ‘foreign-born’ (The Migration Observatory, Oxford) and migration has happened for centuries, so why has it only now become such a hot topic?

Find out more with the course: Why Do People Migrate? Facts

Courses and tips for taking care of your mental wellbeing at work

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Courses and tips for taking care of your mental wellbeing at work

The theme of World Mental Health Day 2017 is mental health in the workplace. While mental health problems can affect anyone, at any time, today is a time to think about your own wellbeing and that of the people close to you – especially in relation to work.

Here are three simple things you can do to try and make sure you feel mentally well at work.

Make sure you take breaks

A study in 2015 showed that frequent, short breaks can help you improve your energy and concentration at work. Don’t sit at a desk all day; stretch your legs, read a book, take in the sights. Remind yourself there is more to life than work.

Stay active

We know that exercise is critical for physical health, but it can also be important for mental health. Both the NHS and Anxiety UK recommend exercise for people with depression and anxiety. If you can spare some of your lunch break for a walk, or a cycle it can go a long way in helping you destress from work (for more about exercise and mental health see mind.org.uk)

Try new techniques

There are a few different techniques you can try to improve your mental health. After dealing with stress and anxiety at work – and the stigma attached to it – for nearly 40 years, Robert discovered mindfulness on FutureLearn. He says:

“I try hard now not to dwell on the past. And why worry about the future, which hasn’t happened yet? Instead, make the most of the here and now, and enjoy it as a series of positive mindful moments. Thanks to FutureLearn, I now have a much more positive outlook on life. I can warmly recommend the Mindfulness course to anyone who is suffering work-related stress.” (Read Robert’s story.)

For more tips on mental health at work have a look at mind.org.uk


Courses to help you take care of your mental health at work

Try mindfulness with Monash University
Check out the courses Mindfulness for Wellbeing and Peak Performance or Maintaining a Mindful Life

Try reading for wellbeing with The University of Warwick
Check out the course Literature and Mental Health: Reading for Wellbeing

Find out more about mental health with The University of Liverpool
Check out the course Psychology and Mental Health: Beyond Nature and Nurture

8 famous figures who changed the course of history

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8 famous figures who changed the course of history

Bonnie Prince Charlie

Bonnie Prince Charlie Illustration

Full name: Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart

Occupation: Aristocrat

Also known as: The Young Pretender, The Young Chevalier

Time period: 1720 – 1788

Famous for: trying to reclaim the British throne for his exiled family (the Stuarts) by leading an uprising in 1745, failing and running away to France

Quick fire facts:

  • Born in Rome
  • Catholic
  • Firm believer in the divine right of kings

Discover more about Bonnie Prince Charlie with the course Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Jacobites


Humphry Davy

Humphry Davy Illustration

Full name: Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet

Occupation: Chemist, Inventor, Poet

Time period: 1778 – 1850

Famous for: All sorts. He invented the Davy lamp and an early form of incandescent light bulb, isolated many chemical elements and invented the field of electrochemistry

Quick fire facts:

  • First ever scientist to be awarded a baronetcy
  • His lab assistant was Michael Faraday
  • Born and raised in Cornwall

Learn more about Humphry Davy’s fascinating life with the course Humphry Davy: Laughing Gas, Literature, and the Lamp


Hadrian

Hadrian Illustration

Full name: Publius Aelius Hadrianus Augustus (Latin)

Also known as: third of the five good emperors

Occupation: Emperor of Rome

Time period: AD 117 – AD 138

Famous for: Building a pretty big wall which partitioned the northern part of Roman Britain

Quick fire facts:

  • Helped beards become fashionable again (the only emperor, other than Nero, to not be clean-shaven)
  • Travelled all over the Roman empire during his reign
  • A ‘philhellene’ also known as a big fan of the Greeks

Visit Hadrian’s namesake with the course Hadrian’s Wall: Life on the Roman Frontier


W.T. Cosgrave

Full name: William Thomas Cosgrave

Also known as: Liam Tomás Mac Cosgair (Irish)

Occupation: Irish politician

Time period: 1880-1965

Famous for: Being the Chairman of the first provisional government of Ireland

Quick fire facts:

  • Become politically active when he attended a Sinn Féin conference aged 25
  • Originally sentenced to death for his part in the Easter Rising
  • Has a controversial legacy due to him turning on former republican allies

Explore more Irish history with the course Irish Lives in War and Revolution: Exploring Ireland’s History 1912-1923


Agrippina the Younger

Full name: Julia Agrippina

Also known as: Agrippina Minor, Julia Augusta Agrippina

Occupation: Roman Empress

Time period: AD 49 – AD 54

Famous for: Being part of the Ancient Roman Julio-Claudian dynasty (she was related to five different emperors, and might have poisoned one of them)

Quick fire facts:

  • Exiled at a young age for her involvement in a murder plot
  • Feuded with Emperor Nero, her son, who may have executed her
  • Suspected to have been involved in multiple murders to ensure her powerful position as Empress of Rome

Travel back to Ancient Rome with the course Rome: a Virtual Tour of the Ancient City


Shakespeare

Shakespeare illustration

Full name: William Shakespeare

Also known as: The Bard of Avon

Occupation: Playwright, poet, actor

Time period: 1564 – 1616

Famous for: writing some of the best known plays ever written. Many even consider him the greatest writer in the English language

Quick fire facts:

  • Wrote 38 plays
  • Estimated to have contributed thousands of new words to the English language including ‘scuffle’, ‘addiction’ and ‘puking’
  • Left Anne, his wife, his ‘second best bed’ in his will

Examine Shakespeare’s enduring influence with the course Shakespeare: Print and Performance


Adelina Patti

Adelina-Patti Illustration

Full name: Adelina Patti

Occupation: Coloratura soprano (opera singer)

Time period: 1848 – 1919

Famous for: having one of the most beautiful voices in history, as endorsed by composer Verdi

Quick fire facts:

  • Began her opera career aged 16 in New York
  • Commanded huge fees
  • Her great-grand niece is another musical legend: Patti LuPone

Delve further into the world of opera with the course Inside Opera: Why Does It Matter?


Van Meegeren

Full name: Han van Meegeren

Occupation: Forger, artist

Time period: 1889 – 1947

Famous for: producing impeccable forgeries of famous artists including Vermeer

Quick fire facts:

  • His forgeries earned him around $30million
  • He once sold a forgery to Hermann Göring
  • Used Bakelite, an early plastic, to ‘age’ his forgeries

Uncover more of the art world’s dark underbelly with the course Antiquities Trafficking and Art Crime

National Coding Week shows how easy it is to start coding

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National Coding Week shows how easy it is to start coding

“Coding is overwhelming at first, but once you start, it’s like a chain reaction. You want to learn more and more. It makes you question what you can actually do.” – Nicky, coding beginner

Nicky was one of 16 programming novices who dropped by FutureLearn HQ in London this week, for a beginners’ coding class as part of National Coding Week.

Members of the FutureLearn team took them through an interactive, hands-on session, showing them the code behind their favourite websites, and how to manipulate it to create their own webpages. Here’s what happened.

Many attendees were surprised by how simple it was to get started and how interesting programming can be.

“Coding is a good exercise for the mind, but it can also help in your job. Anyone who has the curiosity to learn should do it. You’ll discover more interesting things than you thought possible.” – Giuseppe, coding beginner

We also ran a live coding Q&A on Facebook with the Raspberry Pi Foundation, which offers a range of coding courses on FutureLearn. Educators James and Laura were on hand to answer questions on teaching computing, using Raspberry Pi resources and learning to code. Their advice?

“It’s really important to keep doing things, no matter how small they are, to keep your own skills relevant. The big success stories that we’ve seen, in terms of people starting from scratch and then learning a lot of programming, are those who’ve just gone around and tinkered with things.” – Laura, Raspberry Pi educator

If you’ve been inspired to learn to code, read our new career advice on how to become a developer, browse all of our Tech & Coding courses or visit the National Coding Week website for more information about events in your area.

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FutureLearn news,
Digital Skills

Celebrate National Coding Week with FutureLearn

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Celebrate National Coding Week with FutureLearn

Join a live coding Q&A with Raspberry Pi

At 13:00 UTC+1 on 18 September 2017, we’ll be running a live coding Q&A on Facebook with the Raspberry Pi Foundation. This UK-based charity provides low-cost, high-performance computers, to help people learn, solve problems and have fun.

Raspberry Pi already offers a range of coding courses on FutureLearn. Educators James and Laura will be on hand to share top tips, answer your questions and chat all things code.

Sign up for the live coding Q&A

Attend a beginners’ coding class at FutureLearn HQ

If you are over 18, live in London and want to learn to code, come along to FutureLearn HQ in Camden at 18:00 on 18 September 2017 for our beginners’ coding class.

Members of the FutureLearn team will take you through an interactive, hands-on session. You’ll get to see the code behind your favourite websites, find out how it can be manipulated, and create your own webpage using HTML and CSS.

Register for the beginners’ coding class

Join an online programming course

Throughout the week, you can join all sorts of online programming courses on FutureLearn. You could:

To find out more, visit the National Coding Week website or read our new career advice on how to become a developer.