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Word + Quiz: gossamer

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Word + Quiz: gossamer

noun: gauze fabric with an extremely fine texture

noun: filaments from a web that was spun by a spider

adjective: characterized by unusual lightness and delicacy

adjective: so thin as to transmit light

_________

The word gossamer has appeared in 30 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on Nov. 26 in “Judy Collins Has a Time Machine” by Amanda Hess:

Collins’s latest album, “Winter Stories,” out Nov. 29, is a collaboration with the Norwegian singer Jonas Fjeld and the bluegrass band Chatham County Line. It’s a hygge folk collection, perfect for curling up with three cats, but it also holds unexpected emotional power. On it Collins sings Mitchell’s “The River,” and her own “Mountain Girl,” and “Highwayman,” Jimmy Webb’s song about a man who is reincarnated as a thief, a sailor, a dam builder and a starship captain, which was later covered by Glen Campbell and then the country supergroup the Highwaymen. She had contemplated recording it for many years.

“I never really had the nerve,” she said. The song seemed to be owned by “the guys,” as she put it. “And then I thought, what the heck?” Collins’s version is unlike any other. In translating the masculine country anthem into her gossamer voice, she has dismantled and rebuilt the song into a testament to female resilience. After hearing it, the recordings by the other versions sound somehow muted. It’s Judy Collins’s song now.

_________

Subway Ride

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Subway Ride

What story does this image inspire for you?

Tell us about a memory from your own life that this illustration makes you think of — or use your imagination to write the opening of a short story or poem from the perspective of one of the people pictured.

Tell us in the comments, then read the related article to find out what it’s all about.


Find many more ways to use our Picture Prompt feature in this lesson plan. You can find all our Picture Prompts in this column.

Lesson of the Day: ‘Among the World’s Most Dire Places: This California Homeless Camp’

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Lesson of the Day: ‘Among the World’s Most Dire Places: This California Homeless Camp’

Find all our Lessons of the Day here.

Featured Article: “Among the World’s Most Dire Places: This California Homeless Camp” by Thomas Fuller and Josh Haner

Two New York Times journalists spent three months in an encampment created by and for homeless people living in the San Francisco Bay Area. In this lesson you will explore the interactive article and use visual thinking skills to study and analyze one image.

Read this quotation by Markaya Spikes from the featured article:

Homeless people are treated worse than stray animals. When someone finds a stray animal they take it home and feed it. When someone sees a homeless person they call the police. Where is the compassion?

What is your immediate reaction to reading the quotation? What words stand out to you? Does the quotation evoke any imagery or bring up an emotional response for you? Do you have any desire to respond to Ms. Spikes? What might you say to her?

As you read the article, you will get to learn more about Ms. Spikes and hear from other people without permanent housing who live in the Bay Area.

Read the article, then answer the following questions:

1. What is Thomas Fuller’s background as a journalist, and how does it influence how he characterizes and names High Street camp compared with how city officials do?

2. What were some of the life events that Kim Hansen experienced that eventually led to her living in the High Street encampment?

3. How did Leilani Farha, a U.N. representative, respond to what she saw in the High Street encampment?

4. What are some of the similarities and differences between the High Street encampment and Rey Nezahualcóyotl?

5. Media Literacy: Why do you think Thomas Fuller, the San Francisco bureau chief for The New York Times, and Josh Haner, a photographer, decided to collaborate on this project? Why do you think they chose to create an interactive article instead of simply using text? What features in the article did you find effective in telling the story or making a point?

Choose one photograph from the article that you found particularly evocative or effective in telling the story. Then, answer these three core questions from our partners at Visual Thinking Strategies:

Now, dig a little deeper:

  • What do you notice about the composition, colors, objects and people in the photograph?

  • Why did this photograph stand out to you? What do you find interesting or moving about it?

  • What could someone learn about homelessness by viewing the photograph?

LXPs are Heading in the Wrong Direction

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LXPs are Heading in the Wrong Direction

I am fine using handy wipes as a disinfectant for everything when I board an airplane (don’t forget to wipe down the seat belt).  I’m fairly confident that the folks who created handy wipes, never thought someone would use it as part of their air travel, for wiping down anything someone touched, prior to you sitting on said plane.

I present this tidbit of information because I see the same angle appear in various types of learning technology, including an LRS.

While once concerning, I’ve just learned to accept it and move on.  What I can’t accept though is how the LXP market (as a whole, and yes there are exceptions) are heading in the completely opposite direction, then what they started out as.

Why an LXP was developed

Ignore the learning experience component, because as previously noted, anything you do, could be a learning experience. Just yesterday, I learned that my dog Spirit enjoys stepping on my cell phone and hanging up on people I am talking to. 

What you should though focus on is the messaging that the LXPs pushed out constantly, “learner-centric”.  The spin was that this type of platform was all about the learner.  They could select content based on their interests, rather than being told what they must take or are required to take.

They could list their skills, and find content that would improve those skills, again, providing them with the flexibility to drive their own learning (often noted as a learning experience).

Many vendors noted that this approach was different than an LMS, because it focused on the learner and not compliance and required training (BTW, you can do the same thing in an LMS, i.e. learner-focused – after all, it is the client who decides what content should be in the system).

And for a time, the LXP market as a whole stayed true to that message.  Alas, though, something changed.

The message – learner-centric started to disappear.

L&D Focused, Results in L&D requirements

Every LXP targeted a specific department/division at companies, L&D.  Most vendors are unaware that someone in L&D, has a background in OD (Organizational Development), and that L&D is different than someone who has a training background.

L&D folks as a whole (again, plenty of exceptions), who have an LMS were/are using it for compliance and required (i.e. assigned training).

Now, if you are focusing on L&D, it would make perfect sense that those folks, who never offered personal and professional development content in their own LMS, would eventually want certain features that align more so to the way they have always run learning at their places of work. 

And so it began..

Assigned Content

The first function to rear its head was the “Assigned Option” which many LXP vendors started to add, and continue to add to their system.  Some have “assigned” as a component, which while it cannot be turned off, you do have the option of not using it.  Others make it optional but usually have it “on” as a default.

The argument LXP vendors make when it comes to adding “assigned” is that their clients are asking for it, so, therefore, they should add it.  The issue, of course, is that you as a vendor should be the one driving this, not someone who is/was using their LMS for a similar mechanism.

I’d note that I am constantly surprised by what percentage vendors give their clients in terms of functionality and direction of the system, via a roadmap.  I’ve seen numbers as high as 70%.  That is way too much. 

At that point, just hand over your system, and tell them to do whatever they want, and you start searching for Atlantis.

When I chat with LXP vendors, as a whole, the client percentage is higher than the LMS percentage for driving the system (again, there are exceptions).  

Thus, if you are allowing your L&D clients to direct your functionality, then what are you expecting to start appearing?  Assigned playlists. Assigned content that the learner must take an complete. 

Required content they must take, with deadlines (dates they have to complete it by).  Manager sign-off required to approve the content that a learner is interested in taking.  Manager review prior to any content a learner wants to take.  And so on..

I’m a Pepper, Wouldn’t you like to be a Pepper too?

I’ve mentioned this before, but more and more LXPs are adding functionality that is ubiquitous to an LMS.   The same system they constantly tell prospects they are not like or that are traditional or stuck on compliance and required training. 

And yet, they themselves are adding more features like an LMS.  Why you ask?  The client driver angle. First, it is assigned. Then required.  Then they say, you know, it would be great if you had classroom management/instructor features – and whalla – here it is.

Next, it would be great if we could add compliance content to the system, and have compliance features too.  Surprise, here it is..

You know, it would be great if we could have the ability to lock down content, make people go linear in their learning, add a blended learning component (often content plus ILT/F2F), and, well, here it is..

Multiple system roles? Sure, here you go. Hierarchies? Here you go..

It, therefore, is not surprising that LXP vendors are sent RFPs and asked to compare themselves to an LMS vendor and vice-versa. 

Performance Management here I come…

When an LXP starts to push the performance or talent management approach or content tied to job roles, then it is no longer learner-driven, learner controlled or learner-oriented.  It is client-driven, client-controlled and client-oriented. 

The person who is running L&D and HR (a new audience that many LXPs are going after), have a set agenda for what they want that LXP to provide.  It isn’t really about learner-driven, although that is still available and is prominently used, it is back to the days of “we think we know what you should be taking” kind of thinking. 

Let’s not ignore that the learner can still choose content based on topics of interest or skills or whatever the system offers them, nor that there are L&D folks who just go this route and have no desire to push assigned or required content in the platform.

But there are many more, who on one hand see an LXP as an extension of an LMS (if they have one) or as a standalone to replace an LMS, and thus bring in the same philosophy of learning (if it is required and compliance), that they would seek with an LMS.

If you are in HR, the idea of having performance and talent management feature sets in an LXP seems reasonable. In L&D, incorporating leadership development, and other performance functionality equally seems reasonable.

Yet, neither of these items is why an LXP was created, nor the route goes for your learner. 

Part of the new messaging I hear from LXP vendors is this whole employee development approach for an LXP. 

If you, as a client want the employee development angle, then either buy an HCM, which has a learning mod (it is in the system, you just buy to turn it on), and buy another module, say performance management OR buy a performance/talent management system OR find an LMS that offers an extensive feature set for performance and talent management.

But, why oh why, would you want it for the LXP, which, you initially saw as ideal for personal and professional development?  How can any employee think that you are committed to their learning interests, when you are pushing performance down their throats, with a medicated candy of required learning?

This way to the Colosseum

A key component of any LXP is the machine learning piece. Some vendors pitch it as adaptive learning or A.I., it is neither. Really it is the algorithm, which was initially trained with whatever data the vendor had it trained upon, and then from there, it learns as it goes.

We are all aware that a cool component of any LXP is those playlists (sometimes referred to as channels) of content.  The usual fare includes, “Most Popular”, “Highest Rated”, “Learner selected” – as in they pick whatever content place it in a playlist which they can share with other learners,  “Topic of Interest” – tied to your topic or topics of interest, “Might be interested in” (using other semantics) but because you viewed or completed this or that, here are some other pieces of content you might like or enjoy (this playlist is a staple of LXPs – it might be listed as “Recommended,” based on your previous content selections”.

Some offer playlists based on your skills, whether it is content to improve upon or new skills to learn.

When it comes to assigned or required learning, what does the learner see? Why, it is the assigned content playlist. The required learning playlist or maybe, the job role playlist. Often each of these playlists the learner has to view and complete each piece. 

Machine Learning and the Assigned Factor

Think about that machine learning component.  What happens when you toss that into the “employer required content angle”?  More playlists with content tied around that initial required or assigned learning.  Content I might add, that the learner really has no interest in, because, most of it is boring, awful or just downright lame.  I’ve seen content that is basically SOPs or PDFs of regulations someone has to read.  Exciting! I’d rather stare at the wall.

I’ve also seen “recommended” playlists which ends up having more of the required/assigned content recommendations than the ones that learner actually would prefer that is based on their topics of interest or skils or a combo of the two.

Who doesn’t enjoy seeing a playlist of content based on their job role? Oh boy, more content on accounting principles, because I can’t get enough of that.

With the algorithm in full play, the playlists, the content turns from the learner, back to the manager or whoever is the driver of selections.  

It is one thing to have a playlist of proprietary content that the learner might have an interest it, or needs to pick a few and take them, but it is completely different mantra if they are forced to complete everything, even if they already know either parts or entire pieces.

If I already know how to pick and pack in the warehouse or drive a forklift, why would I want or have to complete a playlist that covers those exact same things I already know?  If I receive stellar marks on forklift safety, do you honestly, think that I would want to take a content playlist on forklift safety?

What if I wanted to learn how to use that Hoverboard you bought for warehouse workers?  Oh, sorry, we do not offer any content for that, but, uh, what about driving a forklift?

Full Steam Ahead with the Metrics

LXPs as a whole are not great when they come to metrics. Oh sure some have data visualization at some level, but many do not have an LRS, and if they do, many do not turn it on or use it to its full potential.   KPIs are a mixed bag, some offer it, others do not.

For whatever reason, “Views” seems popular, which makes zero sense, because what does that tell you in L&D or HR when it comes to identifying skill gaps or additional content of interest?  Well, if you are using your LXP as a test module for SEO, then yeah, quite a bit; but if you are the majority of folks in the learning space, it tells you nothing. 

When you start pushing the narrative of required/ sometimes listed under “mastery of learning”, then those metrics become part of the performance aspect, and not the learner aspect.

You need to ask yourself a very important question and answer it honestly to yourself. What is the goal, the end game of you using an LXP for your learners?  What is more important to your company?

A happy employee, which produces more; or an employee indifferent, who may or may have a high level of productivity, but has a higher likelihood of going to another company, because of the lack of personal and professional development.

Bottom Line

By changing the narrative of what an LXP was created for, and what it is slowly being turned into, the client is doing wrong for their learner.

Sure, they will see high completion rates, especially since it is assigned learning, and think to themselves, “This is really working, but you know, we could use XTY.”

And on the content side,

It just continues on, like someone playing the guitar that is out of tune.

It might sound right to them, but for everyone else?

It’s just plain wrong.

E-Learning 24/7

No blog next week, due to the holidays. However, the NexGen Grid appears on Dec. 30th.

 

 

 

Word + Quiz: visage

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Word + Quiz: visage

1. the human face

2. the appearance conveyed by a person’s face

_________

The word visage has appeared in 26 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on Nov. 5 in the Opinion essay “His Face Is Unmistakable. It Is the Face of Protest” by Sara Barrett:

In an article that appeared during the original run of “V for Vendetta,” Mr. Moore credits the idea to base V on Fawkes to Mr. Lloyd, who wrote: “Why don’t we portray him as a resurrected Guy Fawkes, complete with one of those papier-mâché masks, in a cape and conical hat? He’d look really bizarre and it would give Guy Fawkes the image he’s deserved all these years. We shouldn’t burn the chap every Nov. 5th but celebrate his attempt to blow up Parliament!” The book, and the movie that followed in 2006, single-handedly and through a torque of the legend, foisted a new Guy Fawkes, now known as V, into the popular and political culture, just as a new generation of protest movements was getting started.

The mask of V is unmistakable. Its brows, mustache and thin goatee are drawn as if by fist and black marker on an alabaster face. It is now the face of protest, largely anti-government but not exclusively. It’s a face that demands attention, an unsettling visage floating in the sea of yellow vests, umbrellas and black hoods.

_________

What Is Your Choice for Word of the Year?

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What Is Your Choice for Word of the Year?

Find all our Student Opinion questions here.

What one word or phrase best represents 2019? Why?

Two leading dictionary companies have unveiled their annual selections. Merriam-Webster has chosen “they” as its word of the year, while Oxford Dictionaries has selected “climate emergency.”

In “‘They’ Is the Word of the Year, Merriam-Webster Says, Noting Its Singular Rise,” Amy Harmon writes:

Merriam-Webster announced the pronoun “they” as its word of the year on Tuesday, marking the rise of the use of the venerable plural pronoun to refer to a single person whose gender identity is nonbinary.

The word of the year, the dictionary publisher said, is based on data: Searches for the definition of “they” on the publisher’s website and apps increased by 313 percent in 2019 over the previous year. Last year’s word was “justice.” In 2017, it was “feminism.”

The public’s interest in words is often driven by major news events, said Peter Sokolowski, an editor-at-large at Merriam-Webster. Other words that generated high year-over-year comparisons this year — “quid pro quo” and “impeachment” — are tied to political headlines.

But a surge of searches for the meaning of a utilitarian word like “they” is less common. It is likely to reflect both curiosity and confusion about the growing use of the pronoun for nonbinary individuals.

“A pronoun like ‘they’ is one of the building blocks of the language,” Mr. Sokolowski said. “But with the nonbinary usage, people are sensing that it means something new or different, and they are going to the dictionary. When you see lookups for it triple, you know that ‘they’ is a word that is in flux.”

Many Americans, especially older ones, stumble over the use of “they” as a singular pronoun. “For those who haven’t kept up, the complaint is this,” Merriam-Webster wrote in an earlier blog post on the topic. “The use of they as a gender-neutral pronoun (as in, ‘Ask each of the students what they want for lunch.’) is ungrammatical because they is a plural pronoun.”

But for nonbinary individuals who identify as a gender other than male or female, being referred to as “he” or “she” is inaccurate. Over a third of Americans in their teens and early 20s know someone who uses gender-neutral pronouns, according to a Pew Research survey conducted last fall. That is double the number of those in their 40s, and triple those in their 50s and 60s.

Meanwhile, in “Oxford Names ‘Climate Emergency’ Its 2019 Word of the Year,” Jennifer Schuessler writes about Oxford Dictionaries’ choice:

Oxford Dictionaries has named “climate emergency” as its 2019 Word of the Year, choosing it from an all-environmental shortlist that also included “climate action,” “climate denial,” “eco-anxiety,” “extinction” and “flight shame.”

The Word of the Year citation is intended to highlight “a word or expression shown through usage evidence to reflect the ethos, mood, or preoccupations of the passing year, and have a lasting potential as a term of cultural significance.” Recent winners have included “toxic,” “youthquake,” “post-truth” and “vape.”

Normally, the shortlist includes a variety of different words that illustrate new trends in language usage. While the choices are often politically inflected, Katherine Connor Martin, an editor at Oxford Dictionaries, said the unusual decision to focus on climate-related terms reflected a “demonstrable escalation” in the language around climate.

“When we were looking through the evidence, it was just clear that issues relating to the climate were running through all the different lexical items we were working with,” she said. “It reflects it was a real preoccupation of the English-speaking world in 2019.”

Students, read the entire article, then tell us:

  • What do you think about Oxford’s and Merriam-Webster’s 2019 choices for word of the year? Do you think one choice is better than the other? In your opinion, does either word or phrase accurately represent the “ethos, mood, or preoccupations of the passing year”? Why or why not?

  • What would you choose as word of the year? How does this word reflect the social or political issues of 2019? How does it highlight the way language changes over time?

  • How important to you are the issues of gender pronouns and climate change? How often do you and your peers discuss them — at school or at home? Has your understanding of either changed over the past year? Do you think the selection by the two prestigious dictionaries will help increase awareness, understanding and validation of both?

  • What words or ideas do you think will dominate conversations — and online searches — in 2020?

Lesson of the Day: ‘Netflix Is Ad Free, but It Isn’t Brand Free’

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Lesson of the Day: ‘Netflix Is Ad Free, but It Isn’t Brand Free’

Find all our Lessons of the Day here.

In “Netflix Is Ad Free, but It Isn’t Brand Free,” Tiffany Hsu looks at Netflix’s evolving relationship to advertising, product placement and brands. After you read the article, we ask you to use media literacy skills to analyze product placement in a TV show.

Part I: Journal

How do you feel about commercials?

Do you often watch TV shows that have commercial breaks or do you tend to stream TV shows without commercials? Are you ever aware of other forms of advertisement related to the shows you watch? For example, characters talking about their favorite brands, or a product name that references characters from a TV show?

Part II: Watch

Watch this Instagram video and then answer the following media literacy questions adapted from the Center for Media Literacy:

1. Who created this message?

2. What creative techniques are used to attract my attention?

3. How might different people understand this message differently than I do?

4. What values, lifestyles and points of view are represented in, or omitted from, this message?

5. Why is this message being promoted?

Read the article, then answer the following questions:

1. What do you think were some of the reasons that Netflix partnered with Subway? What is Netflix’s strategy in working with brands for these kinds of partnerships?

2. The article states that Netflix did not make any money when it worked with Samsung and Aviation American Gin on a recent commercial that featured Ryan Reynolds. Yet, this kind of partnership still indirectly benefits Netflix. How? You can watch the ad to get a better idea.

3. Why is Netflix’s audience so desirable to different companies and brands? Why has that demographic been called the “unreachables”?

4. How has Netflix used social media platforms like Instagram and Twitter to boost its visibility? Do you consider that a form of advertising?

5. According to the article, how can binge-watching actually hurt Netflix? Why has the company created a new retail design coordinator position?

6. What is Netflix’s relationship with product placement compared to that of other streaming services? What are some instances of product placement mentioned in the article? Have you seen product placement in any Netflix shows or in other TV shows or movies?

Now, reflect specifically on product placement in TV shows:

  • Think of a time when you thought product placement helped the plot or character development in a TV show. What made the placement effective? Now, think of a time when you did not like seeing a product placement. What made you feel that way?

  • Netflix believes that product placement can contribute to “the authenticity of the story.” What do you think?

As an added challenge, try to keep media literacy questions in mind as you watch your favorite shows. Pay attention to all the commercial products you notice. For each product, think about:

Who created this message?

Why is the product being included in the show?

How does the product influence your experience of watching the show? Does it make the show feel more authentic, or does it feel out of place? Does it feel like an advertisement?

Does the inclusion of a commercial product in a show make that product more appealing to you? Do you think it might make the product more appealing to others? Why, or why not?

Hit Holiday Songs

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Hit Holiday Songs

Twenty five years after its debut, Mariah Carey’s “All I Want for Christmas Is You” finally hit No. 1 on the Billboard singles chart. For many, the song is a ubiquitious part of the holiday season. How do you feel about this song and holiday tunes in general?

Do you have a go-to holiday playlist? What are some of your favorite seasonal songs? Which ones drive you crazy?

Tell us in the comments, then read the related article to learn more about the song’s 25-year journey.


Find many more ways to use our Picture Prompt feature in this lesson plan. You can find all our Picture Prompts in this column.

Are You Good at Giving Gifts?

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Are You Good at Giving Gifts?

Find all our Student Opinion questions here.

Are you good at giving gifts to friends and family? How do you decide what to give? Do you ever feel pressure to find the “perfect” gift?

Do you have any preference for giving “experience gifts,” meaning you’ll cover the cost of a meal, tickets for a performance, or admission to a place you’ll visit together, as opposed to giving material things like a book or a sweater?

In “Secondhand Gifts and ‘Experiences’ Still Top Holiday Lists,” Maria Cramer writes about how some people have changed their approach to holiday shopping out of concern for the environment, a desire to cut down on clutter and maybe even to opt out of what they see as too much consumerism:

Nearly 190 million Americans shopped online or in stores over the Thanksgiving weekend this year, a 14 percent increase from last year, according to the National Retail Federation. Most bought new merchandise, with only 7 percent doing even part of their shopping in thrift stores, said J. Craig Shearman, spokesman for the federation.

But the preference for secondhand goods, homemade presents or experiences like going to the symphony or on exotic trips has continued to grow since 2016, when analysts began noticing the trend. Using online surveys of 1,700 shoppers in 2018, the market research firm Mintel found about a fifth of them agreed that “experience gifts” were superior to tangible goods. In 2019, a similar survey showed about half agreed with that.

A different recent online survey found that roughly half the shoppers who responded would consider giving secondhand clothes and would also welcome such gifts. “That whole stigma of secondhand is waning or really vaporizing,” said Jill Standish, senior managing director for global retail consulting at Accenture, the consulting firm that conducted the research.

Industry watchers say these alternative forms of giving started out as a way to save money but have quickly evolved as a way to reflect other values.

One of those values: protecting the environment. Climate crisis warnings have more people picturing oceans filled with plastic and skies choked with smoke from textile mills in China. That clashes with images of presents lovingly wrapped in expensive paper under a live tree harvested and shipped from the countryside.

Eva Raposa, 37, a business strategist in Martha’s Vineyard, has told relatives that if they want to get her 8-year-old daughter a gift, they need to buy from the island’s consignment shops.

“I just started to feel very strange about how our relatives were lavishing my young daughter with items from overseas,” Ms. Raposa said. “It was fast fashion. It had love behind it, but to me it was junk.”

And some say there is a sense that we have prioritized material possessions for our families and friends over something far more valuable: our time with them.

Students, read the entire article, then tell us:

  • What is the best gift you have ever given? How do you know it was appreciated?

  • Are you eager to see how the receiver responds to a gift you give, or are you a little nervous about it? If so, why?

  • The article states that the trends of giving experience gifts and gifts that come from secondhand shops are growing. Why do you think this is happening? Have you personally observed these trends over this holiday season and past ones? Do you think it is a good trend?

  • What do you think is the best way to approach holiday gift giving if you have concerns about the environment? What would you avoid buying? Why? Do you think the recipient of your environmentally conscious holiday shopping would appreciate your actions? Explain.

  • You read about Eva Raposa, who wanted loved ones to shop at the consignment shop by her house if they wanted to buy her daughter material items. What do you think about that decision? Have you made similar statements directing people to shop for you in particular places? If so, where did you tell them to shop? Why did you suggest those places?


Students 13 and older are invited to comment. All comments are moderated by the Learning Network staff, but please keep in mind that once your comment is accepted, it will be made public.

Word + Quiz: vacuous

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Word + Quiz: vacuous

1. empty of matter

2. lack of expression

3. devoid of significance or point

4. devoid of intelligence

_________

The word vacuous has appeared in 22 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year, including on April 5 in “Hudson Yards: A City Within a City” by C. J. Hughes:

Plans for Battery Park City went through multiple iterations. It started with a 1966 “towers in the park” plan for apartment buildings to house World Trade Center employees that Ada Louise Huxtable, the architecture critic for The New York Times, called “sterile high-rise towers in vacuous open space.” The plan estimated about 90,000 residents, a far cry from the 16,000 there today.

_________